| 1. |
- Dobrowolski, Piotr, et al.
(författare)
-
Potato fiber protects the small intestinal wall against the toxic influence of acrylamide
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1244 .- 0899-9007. ; 28:4, s. 428-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Acrylamide is a neurotoxic, genotoxic substance present in many commonly consumed food products and has been shown to have carcinogenic effects in rodents. The protective effects (if any) of potato fiber preparations, composed of cell wall material from potatoes, against the toxic influence of dietary acrylamide on the small intestinal wall were investigated. Methods: Male mice of the BALB/c strain were used in the study. Acrylamide was administered to the mice in their drinking water (0.5 mg/kg of body weight per day) and one of two types of potato fiber preparations (heated or raw potato fiber preparation) was added to their feed (2% addition to their feed). Histomorphometry of the small intestinal wall, hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide, animal weight, and feed and water consumption analyses were performed. Results: Acrylamide altered the morphology and histology of the small intestinal wall, decreasing proliferation, myenteron and submucosal thicknesses, villus length, fractal dimension, crypt depth, crypt number, and the small intestinal absorptive surface. Conversely, apoptosis, hemoglobin adduct levels, intensity of epithelium staining, enterocyte number, villus epithelial thickness, and crypt width and parameters associated with nerve ganglia were increased. The two potato fiber preparations that were used abolished the negative influences of acrylamide on the small intestinal wall and had no influence on the hemoglobin adduct levels of acrylamide. Conclusion: The negative impact of acrylamide on the histologic structure, regeneration, and innervation of the small intestinal wall and the absorptive function of the small intestinal mucosa can be abolished by dietary potato fiber preparations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dobrowolski, Piotr, et al.
(författare)
-
Can 2-oxoglutarate prevent changes in bone evoked by omeprazole?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1244 .- 0899-9007. ; 29:3, s. 556-561
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Proton-pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are widely used in the prevention and treatment of gastroesophageal diseases. However, an association between proton-pump inhibitors and the increased risk of bone fractures has been observed, especially in patients treated for extended periods. Conversely, 2-oxoglutarate, a precursor of hydroxyproline, the most abundant amino acid in bone collagen, counteracts the bone loss. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of omeprazole on bone and investigate whether dietary 2-oxoglutarate supplementation could prevent the effects of omeprazole. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Rats received omeprazole in the diet and 2-oxoglutarate in the drinking water. Body and organ weights and serum concentrations of cholecystokinin and gastrin were measured. The femurs, tibias, and calvarias were collected. Histomorphometric analysis of bone and cartilage tissues was conducted. Bone densitometric and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic analyses of the femur and tibia were performed. Results: Omeprazole decreased the femur and tibia weights, the mechanical properties of the femur, the volumetric bone density and content, the trabecular and cortical bone mineral content, the total, trabecular, and cortical bone areas, the mean cortical thickness, and the periosteal circumference of the femur. Omeprazole had a minor effect on the examined bone morphology and exerted negligible effects on the cartilage. 2-Oxoglutarate lowered the gastrin concentration. Conclusions: Omeprazole treatment exerts its effects mostly on bone mineralization and cancellous bone, adversely affecting bone properties. This adverse effect of omeprazole was not markedly abolished by 2-oxoglutaric acid, which acted as an anti-hypergastrinemic agent. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Reina, Guido, et al.
(författare)
-
The moving target of visualization software for an increasingly complex world
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Computers & graphics. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0097-8493 .- 1873-7684. ; 87, s. 12-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualization has evolved into a mature scientific field and it has also become widely accepted as a standard approach in diverse fields, including physics, life sciences, and business intelligence. However, despite its successful development, there are still many open research questions that require customized implementations in order to explore and establish concepts, and to perform experiments and take measurements. Many methods and tools have been developed and published but most are stand-alone prototypes and have not reached a mature state that can be used in a reliable manner by collaborating domain scientists or a wider audience. In this study, we discuss the challenges, solutions, and open research questions that affect the development of sophisticated, relevant, and novel scientific visualization solutions with minimum overheads. We summarize and discuss the results of a recent National Institute of Informatics Shonan seminar on these topics. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
