| 1. |
- Engelheart, Stina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Dehydration and loss of appetite: Key nutrition features in older people receiving home health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 91-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to describe a population of older people in home health care based on what is probably a novel theoretical model, previously published, and to analyze longitudinal changes in different dimensions of nutritional status. Methods: This explorative and longitudinal study examines nutritional status based on four domains in the novel theoretical model: health and somatic disorders; cognitive, affective, and sensory function; physical function and capacity; and food and nutrition. Inclusion criteria were age ≥65 y and need of home health care for more than three months. A total of 69 men and women were enrolled in the study. Participants’ nutritional status was studied at baseline and regularly during the following three years. Results: At baseline, 44% (n = 27) reported one or more severe symptoms and 83% had polypharmacy (≥5 prescribed medications). The prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, and dehydration at baseline were, respectively, 83% (n = 35), 44% (n = 24), 34% (n = 18), and 45% (n = 25). Participants that died during the 3-y follow-up (n = 14) differed from survivors in the following aspects: more reduced appetite, lower quality of life, worse cognitive function, lower physical activity, and less intake of dietary fiber and water. Dehydration at baseline was associated with lower function in several domains and with general decline over time. Conclusions: Most participants had poor nutritional status. Dehydration and reduced appetite were important indicators of worsening nutritional and overall status and mortality. © 2021 The Authors
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of F2-isoprostanes in healthy females
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 31:6, s. 847-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether habitual dietary intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, or a combination of them all, is associated with oxidative stress levels, measured as urine concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in healthy women. Methods Eighty-one participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Mean age of the women was 26.1 ± 6.2 (mean ± SD) years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2. The concentration of 8-iso-PGF2α was determined in urine, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were determined in blood. Participants' habitual fish, whole grain, fruit, and vegetable intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Results In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant inverse association between 8-iso-PGF2α and high fatty fish intake (P < 0.001). Fatty fish intake was positively correlated to serum phospholipid concentrations of EPA (P = 0.001) and DHA (P = 0.002). A borderline effect of DHA was seen on 8-iso-PGF2α, but higher serum phospholipid concentrations of fatty acids were generally not related to lower F2-isoprostane levels. No overall effect from whole grains or fruits and vegetables was seen. Conclusions The results indicate that high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of oxidative stress, but high levels of ω-3 fatty acids in intake may not alone explain the effect. High habitual intake of whole grains or fruits and vegetables did not seem to affect the F2-isoprostane level.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Ewa, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Specially processed cereals diet increases plasma levels of active antisecretory factor and up-regulates rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase mu.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1244 .- 0899-9007. ; 27:9, s. 949-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Antisecretory factor (AF) inhibits pathologic fluid secretion and inflammation. AF is expressed in most tissues and is secreted into the blood. Challenge with bacterial enterotoxins increases AF activity. The plasma level of active AF is also increased after intake of certain food constituents, such as specially processed cereals, SPC. The exact molecular events that mediate these responses have remained obscure. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in protein expression in liver after SPC diet. METHODS: Rats were fed SPC or standard rodent diet for 18 d. The induction of AF in plasma was tested by ELISA. Changes in the liver proteome were analyzed by using 2D DIGE and LC-MS/MS. Further characterizations were done with Western blot and immunohistochemistry studies. RESULTS: The AF activity was increased after intake of SPC. Equivalent to recombinant AF, 6.6 ± 1.09 ng/well could be detected in control plasma compared to 26 ± 5.73 ng/well in plasma after SPC treatment. We found that the protein level of glutathione S-transferase mu (GST mu) was significantly up-regulated 1.2-fold in rat liver after stimulation with SPC (wheat). The result was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed staining for GST mu1 and AF preferentially in the central parts of the liver lobuli. CONCLUSION: Given the known role of GST mu1 in inducing defense, our results suggest that SPC-induced GST mu1 up-regulation can contribute to the positive clinical effects seen by SPC treatment.
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| 4. |
- Lindqvist, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Energy expenditure early after liver transplantation: better measured than predicted.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 79-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no consensus on how to estimate energy requirements after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to compare measured resting energy expenditure (REE) with predictive equations and fixed factors, and evaluate whether clinical variables were associated with REE.During the period of 2011 through 2018, REE measured with indirect calorimetry and predicted by the Harris and Benedict (HB) equation was compared in patients during the first 30 postoperative days after LT. The fixed factors 25 kcal/kg, 30 kcal/kg, or 35 kcal/kg were used to calculate energy requirements. The accuracy of HB and fixed factors were evaluated with a Bland-Altman analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The associations of pre- and postoperative clinical variables with REE were evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis.A total of 143 patients were evaluated and had indirect calorimetry performed on postoperative day 6 (interquartile range: 3) in median. The mean measured REE was 1950 ± 461 kcal (range, 720-3309 kcal) or 24.5 ± 6.1 kcal/kg body weight. Large limits of agreements were observed in the Bland-Altman analyses for both HB and fixed factors. HB was closer than fixed factors with a positive concordance (concordance correlation: 0.350; 95% confidence interval, 0.248-0.445) and Pearsons r2 = 0.261. Measured REE was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with age, sex, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score before LT, surgery time, and graft cold ischemia time according to the multiple regression analysis.The low accuracy of HB and fixed factors suggests risks of both under- and overfeeding of individual patients if energy requirement is only based on calculation. REE measurement is recommended after LT to secure accurate and safe nutritional therapy.
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