| 1. |
- Bevier, Melanie, et al.
(författare)
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Does the time interval between first and last birth influence the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer?
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 47:4, s. 586-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age at first and last birth and the number of children are known to influence the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers. However, it remains unknown whether the difference in years between first and last childbirth plays a role. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database allowed us to carry out the largest study ever on reproductive factors in these cancers. Material and methods: We selected over 5.7 million women from the database. We estimated the effect of number of children, age at birth and difference between age at first and last birth by Poisson regression adjusted for age, period, region and socioeconomic status. Results: The risk for endometrial cancer is negatively associated with increasing number of children and increasing age at first as well as age at last birth. Weaker associations are found for ovarian cancer. Age at last birth is the factor that shows highest influence. A large difference in first and last childbirth shows a protective effect on the risk of endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the risk of endometrial cancer is significantly decreased for women having at least a difference of 10 years between their first and last birth. Ovarian cancer does not seem to be influenced by the time interval between first and last birth. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Brandt, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Familial risks of breast and prostate cancers: Does the definition of the at risk period matter?
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 46:4, s. 752-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: 'Being at familial risk' may have different connotations in studies on familial risk of cancer. The register-based definition of a family history considers individuals with an affected relative at familial risk independently of the family member's diagnostic time. Alternatively, the individuals are classified to be at familial risk only after the diagnosis date of their relative, relevant to clinical counselling and screening situations. The aim of this study was to compare familial breast and prostate cancer risks according to the two definitions. Patients and methods: The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database with information on cancers from 1958 to 2006 was used to calculate the hazard ratio of breast and prostate cancers according to family history using Cox regression. Family history was defined considering the number and type of affected relatives and the relative's diagnostic age, respectively. Individuals were considered at familial risk from their entry to the study or, alternatively, from the diagnostic time of the relative. Results: Hazard ratios were equal whether individuals were considered at risk independent of the relative's diagnostic date or only after the relative's diagnostic date. Conclusion: These results indicate that studies on familial breast or prostate cancer risk which do not take the relative's diagnosis date into account are applicable to screening and clinical counselling situations. The estimates according to the register-based definition are based on larger numbers of patients, which may be crucial for analysis of small groups such as families of multiple cases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Brendle, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in chromosomal instability genes and risk and clinical outcome of breast cancer : a Swedish prospective case-control study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:3, s. 435-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a major characteristic of many cancers. We investigated whether putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to CIN (CENPF, ESPL1, NEK2, PTTG1, ZWILCH, ZWINT) affect breast cancer (BC) risk and clinical outcome in a Swedish cohort of 749 incident BC cases with detailed clinical data and up to 15 years of follow-up and 1493 matched controls. As a main observation, carriers of the A allele of the CENPF SNP rs438034 had a worse BC-specific survival compared to the wild type genotype GG carriers (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-5.90), although they were less likely to have regional lymph node metastases (odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-1.01) and tumours of stage II-IV (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99). As there is increasing evidence that CENPF is associated with poor prognosis in patients with primary BC, further independent studies are needed to clarify the importance of genetic variation in the CENPF gene in the clinic.
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| 4. |
- Castro, F. A., et al.
(författare)
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TLR-3 polymorphism is an independent prognostic marker for stage II colorectal cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 47:8, s. 1203-1210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinicopathologic stage is still the main parameter to evaluate the prognosis of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Although molecular markers have been suggested for follow up of treated CRC patients, their complete clinical application is still under evaluation. Materials and methods: To evaluate the association of immune-related genes with CRC prognosis and survival, a total of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 614 German patients within the Kiel cohort (POPGEN). Results: A promoter variant (rs1800872) in the Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene was associated with an increased lymph node metastasis involvement [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.2, for carriers of the TT genotype]. More importantly, among 582 followed up patients the SNP rs3775291 in the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) gene was associated with CRC specific survival (150 events). Patients carrying the TT genotype had a 93% increased risk of death compared with the CC carriers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.281. The observed effect of the TLR-3 variant was restricted to stage II patients (HR = 4.14, 95% CI 1.24-13.84) and to patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy (HR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.7). Conclusions: Our results may provide additional candidates for risk assessment in stage II CRC patients for treatment decision. Further validation of the presented findings is warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Chen, Tianhui, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of subsequent cancers in renal cell carcinoma survivors with a family history.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 50:12, s. 2108-2118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at elucidating the effect of family history on the development of subsequent cancers in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) survivors and aimed at assessing whether the interactions between risks of subsequent cancers in RCC survivors and familial risk of subsequent cancer are additive or multiplicative interactions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hemminki, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Do discordant cancers share familial susceptibility?
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 48, s. 1200-1207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Cancer syndromes manifest at many sites albeit with variable penetrance. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified susceptibility loci shared by many types of cancer. Yet, a population level search for shared susceptibility between discordant cancers has been hampered because of lacking population sizes. METHODS: Over 1.1million patients in the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database were analysed for discordant familial cancers covering 33 sites. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for patients whose family members had a defined cancer compared to those whose family members did not have that cancer. Three independent tests for each pair of cancer sites were done using different family relationships. RESULTS: Lung cancer showed 13 significant discordant associations but most of them were with sites for which smoking is a risk factor. An exception was the clustering of lung cancer and endocrine cancers. Four discordant associations reached a minimal significance level of 5×10(-6): colorectum-endometrium, breast-ovary, breast-prostate and melanoma-squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The association of melanoma and nervous system cancer reached a minimal significance of 10(-4). Discarding lung cancer, all other associations were based on a single test whereby they were liable to be chance associations. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the extraordinary requirements for statistical power in study of multiple cancer sites. In addition to the smoking related sites, associations between breast and prostate cancers, melanoma and nervous system tumours and lung and endocrine tumours found strong statistical support. Within the present sample size limits, we found no evidence of an overall susceptibility to cancer.
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| 9. |
- Hemminki, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Liver and gallbladder cancer in immigrants to Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 46, s. 926-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The changes of cancer incidence upon immigration can be used as an estimator of environmental influence on cancer risk. We studied site-specific liver and biliary cancers in first-generation immigrants to Sweden with an aim to search for aetiological clues and to find evidence for indigenous incidence rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) in immigrants compared to native Swedes. RESULTS: A total of 1428 cancers were identified in immigrants whose median ages (years) at immigration were 27 for men and 26 for women and whose median diagnostic ages were 64 and 66, respectively. The highest SIRs of 6.7 for primary liver cancer were observed for men from East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Increased SIRs were recorded for male immigrants from previous Yugoslavia (1.78), Southern Europe (2.91), Turkey (2.15) and Asian Arab countries (2.89). For gallbladder cancer, only women from the Indian subcontinent (3.84) and Chile (2.34) had increased risk while some Northern European immigrants showed decreased risks. CONCLUSIONS: Primary liver cancer was increased in immigrants from endemic regions of hepatitis B virus infection but also from large regions lacking cancer incidence data, North Africa, Asian Arab countries, Turkey and previous Yugoslavia; these are probably intermediary risk regions for this infection. The consideration of these regions as risk areas would justify active diagnostic and vaccination programs. The increase in gallbladder cancer in Chileans and Indians suggests that some persistent damage was inflicted before emigration, characterisation of which will be a challenge for aetiological studies.
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| 10. |
- Kharazmi, Elham, et al.
(författare)
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Familial risk of pleural mesothelioma increased drastically in certain occupations : A nationwide prospective cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 103, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of occupation on familial risk of pleural mesothelioma in a nationwide cohort study design. Method: The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database includes all Swedes born after 1931 and their biological parents, totalling 16.1 million individuals with about 2.3 million cancer patients. Hazards ratios (HRs) were calculated adjusting for age, sex and region of residence. Results: Having asbestos-related occupation in the absence of family history of mesothelioma increased risk of mesothelioma more than threefold (adjusted HR = 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–3.5). In those who had a history of mesothelioma in their first-degree relatives and an asbestos-related occupation, risk of mesothelioma dramatically increased compared with individuals without such occupations and family history (without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] HR = 24, 95% CI: 15–39; with COPD 45, 95% CI: 15–141). In those who had a family history of mesothelioma and no history of an asbestos-related occupation, risk of mesothelioma did not show significant increase compared with those who had no family history of mesothelioma and no asbestos-related occupation (HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.7–3.8). Conclusion: First-degree relatives of patients with pleural mesothelioma had a drastic risk of developing this malignancy in case of certain occupations, which shows a gene–environment interaction is probable in risk of mesothelioma.
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