| 1. |
- von Platten, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Renovating on unequal premises : A normative framework for a just renovation wave in swedish multifamily housing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the energy transition of the EU housing stock is now being intensified with the launch of the Renovation Wave, economic inequalities are increasing in many OECD countries, which has effects on housing-related inequalities and the demand of affordable housing. The Renovation Wave is thus an opportunity to improve housing quality for low-income households, but also entails risks for increased rents. In Sweden, the standard of housing is relatively high and energy poverty in multifamily housing is rare, meaning that there are limited social benefits to be achieved from extensive energy retrofitting; moreover, Sweden lacks a social housing sector, which limits protection of the worst-off residents. This paper thus explores whether the limited social benefits of the Renovation Wave weigh up against the risks that it entails for the worst-off in the Swedish context. This is done within a normative framework for just energy transitioning that is developed within the context of the Renovation Wave and increasing economic inequalities, consisting of four ordered principles: (1) The equal treatment principle; (2) The priority principle; (3) The efficiency principle; and (4) The principle of procedural fairness. Analysis showed that to be considered just according to our framework, the Swedish energy transition of housing should, in contradistinction to what is suggested in the Renovation Wave, limit the imposition of extensive energy retrofitting in low-income areas. Finally, having identified a mismatch between the most effective approaches in terms of energy savings and the most acceptable approaches in terms of social justice, we offer policy recommendations on how to bridge this mismatch in a Swedish context. © 2021 by the authors.
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| 2. |
- von Platten, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Using Machine Learning to Enrich Building Databases—Methods for Tailored Energy Retrofits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building databases are important assets when estimating and planning for national energy savings from energy retrofitting. However, databases often lack information on building characteristics needed to determine the feasibility of specific energy conservation measures. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to enrich the Swedish database of Energy Performance Certificates with building characteristics relevant for a chosen set of energy retrofitting packages. The study is limited to the Swedish multifamily building stock constructed between 1945 and 1975, as these buildings are facing refurbishment needs that advantageously can be combined with energy retrofitting. In total, 514 ocular observations were conducted in Google Street View of two building characteristics that were needed to determine the feasibility of the chosen energy retrofitting packages: (i) building type and (ii) suitability for additional façade insulation. Results showed that these building characteristics could be predicted with an accuracy of 88.9% and 72.5% respectively. It could be concluded that machine learning methods show promising potential to enrich building databases with building characteristics relevant for energy retrofitting, which in turn can improve estimations of national energy savings potential.
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| 3. |
- Ylmen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Assessment of an Office Building Based on Site-Specific Data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 12:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established method to assess the various environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a building. The goal of this project was to calculate the environmental releases for a whole office building and investigate the contribution in terms of environmental impact for different parts of the building, as well as the impact from different stages of the life cycle. The construction process was followed up during production and the contractors provided real-time data on the input required in terms of building products, transport, machinery, energy use, etc. The results are presented for five environmental impact categories and, as expected, materials that constitute the main mass of the building and the energy used during operation contribute the largest share of environmental impact. It is usually difficult to evaluate the environmental impact of the materials in technical installations due to the lack of data. However, in this study, the data were provided by the contractors directly involved in the construction and can, therefore, be considered highly reliable. The results show that materials for installations have a significant environmental impact for four of the environmental impact categories studied, which is a noteworthy finding.
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| 4. |
- Mjörnell, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 12:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apartments built in Sweden during the record years 1961–1975 with the aim to remedy thehousing shortage and abolish poor standards, were designed for a normal-sized family of 2–4 persons.The mechanical ventilation system, if existing, was primarily designed to ensure an air exchange inthe apartment according to Swedish building regulations. During the last few years, the number ofovercrowded apartments has increased due to housing shortage in general but also due to migration.Another aspect is that the ventilation in many apartments built during the record years is alreadyinsucient at normal occupant load. The question is how doubling or tripling the number ofoccupants and thus, the moisture load will aect the risk of bad air quality and moisture damage.To find out, simulations were made to estimate whether it is possible to obtain sucient air qualityand low risk of moisture damage by only increasing the ventilation rates in existing systems orintroducing new ventilation systems with and without heat recovery and what the consequencewould be in terms of the additional energy demand. Measurements from earlier studies of CO2 andmoisture supply in Swedish apartment buildings were used as input data.
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