| 1. |
- Haraldsson, Joakim, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomy, Saving Potentials and Key Performance Indicators for Energy End-Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Aluminium Industry and Aluminium Casting Foundries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing energy efficiency within the industrial sector is one of the main approachesin order to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The production and processing of aluminiumis energy and greenhouse gas intensive. To make well-founded decisions regarding energy effi-ciency and greenhouse gas mitigating investments, it is necessary to have relevant key performanceindicators and information about energy end-use. This paper develops a taxonomy and key perfor-mance indicators for energy end-use and greenhouse gas emissions in the aluminium industry andaluminium casting foundries. This taxonomy is applied to the Swedish aluminium industry andtwo foundries. Potentials for energy saving and greenhouse gas mitigation are estimated regardingstatic facility operation. Electrolysis in primary production is by far the largest energy using andgreenhouse gas emitting process within the Swedish aluminium industry. Notably, almost half of thetotal greenhouse gas emissions from electrolysis comes from process-related emissions, while theother half comes from the use of electricity. In total, about 236 GWh/year (or 9.2% of the total energyuse) and 5588–202,475 tonnes CO2eq/year can be saved in the Swedish aluminium industry and twoaluminium casting foundries. The most important key performance indicators identified for energyend-use and greenhouse gas emissions are MWh/tonne product and tonne CO2-eq/tonne product.The most beneficial option would be to allocate energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to boththe process or machine level and the product level, as this would give a more detailed picture of thecompany’s energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 2. |
- Jalo, Noor, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to and drivers of energy management in Swedish SMEs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy efficiency gap is known as the difference between optimal level of energy efficiency and the actual level of achieved energy efficiency. Energy management has proven to further close the energy efficiency gap. Energy management may differ depending on whether it concerns a large, energy-intensive company or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are of high interest since they form a large share of the economy today. For SMEs, a lighter form of energy management, in the form of energy efficiency network participation, has proven to deliver sound energy efficiency impact, while for larger, energy-intensive firms, a certified energy management system may be more suitable. However, various barriers inhibit adoption of energy efficiency measures. While there is an array of research on barriers to and driving forces for energy efficiency in general, research on barriers to, and driving forces for, energy management is rare, one exception being a study of energy-intensive pulp and paper mills. This holds even more so for industrial SMEs. This paper aims to identify the barriers to, and drivers for, energy management in manufacturing SMEs. Results of this explorative study show that the top four barriers to energy management are lack of time/other priorities, non-energy-related working tasks are prioritized higher, slim organization, and lack of internal expert competences, i.e., mainly organizational barriers. The top four drivers for energy management are to reduce production waste, participation in energy efficiency networks, cost reduction from lower energy use, and commitment from top management. Furthermore, results show that energy management among the studied SMEs seems to not be as mature, even though the companies participated in an energy management capacity building program in the form of energy efficiency networks, which, in turn, shows a still largely untapped potential in the societal aim to reduce the energy efficiency and management gaps. The main contribution of this paper is a first novel attempt to explore barriers to, and drivers for, energy management among SMEs.
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| 3. |
- Kanchiralla, Fayas Malik, et al.
(författare)
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Energy End-Use Categorization and Performance Indicators for Energy Management in the Engineering Industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency (EE) improvement is one of the most crucial elements in the decarbonization of industry. EE potential within industries largely remains untapped due to the lack of information regarding potential EE measures (EEM), knowledge regarding energy use, and due to the existence of some inconsistencies in the evaluation of energy use. Classification of energy end-using processes would increase the understanding of energy use, which in turn would increase the detection and deployment of EEMs. The study presents a novel taxonomy with hierarchical levels for energy end-use in manufacturing operations for the engineering industry, analyzes processes in terms of energy end-use (EEU) and CO2 emissions, and scrutinizes energy performance indicators (EnPIs), as well as proposing potential new EnPIs that are suitable for the engineering industry. Even though the study has been conducted with a focus on the Swedish engineering industry, the study may be generalizable to the engineering industry beyond Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Lane, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers, driving forces and non-energy benefits for battery storage in photovoltaic (PV) systems in modern agriculture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 12:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Battery storage has been highlighted as one way to increase the share of renewables in energy systems. The use of local battery storage is also beneficial when reducing power variations in the grid, thereby contributing to more robust and cost-effective energy systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate barriers, drivers and non-energy benefits (NEB) for investments in battery storage in photovoltaic systems (PV) in the context of farmers with PV systems in Sweden. The study is based on a questionnaire about barriers, driving forces and NEB for investment in battery storage connected to PV. The questionnaire was sent to farmers in Sweden who already have photovoltaics installed and about 100 persons answered, a response rate of 59%. The major barriers found are related to the technical and economic risks of investing in battery storage. One of the main conclusions is that the highest-ranked driver, i.e., to use a larger part of the produced electricity oneself, turns out to be the highest priority for the grid-owner seeking to reduce the need for extensive investments in the grid. The primary NEBs found were the possibility of becoming independent from grid electricity. © 2019 by the authors.
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| 5. |
- Monjurul Hasan, A. S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Drivers and barriers to industrial energy efficiency in textile industries of Bangladesh
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bangladesh faced a substantial growth in primary energy demand in the last few years. According to several studies, energy generation is not the only means to address energy demand; efficient energy management practices are also very critical. A pertinent contribution in the energy management at the industrial sector ensures the proper utilization of energy. Energy management and its efficiency in the textile industries of Bangladesh are studied in this paper. The outcomes demonstrate several barriers to energy management practices which are inadequate technical cost-effective measures, inadequate capital expenditure, and poor research and development. However, this study also demonstrates that the risk of high energy prices in the future, assistance from energy professionals, and an energy management scheme constitute the important drivers for the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the studied textile mills. The studied textile industries seem unaccustomed to the dedicated energy service company concept, and insufficient information regarding energy service companies (ESCOs) and the shortage of trained professionals in energy management seem to be the reasons behind this. This paper likewise finds that 3–4% energy efficiency improvements can be gained with the help of energy management practices in these industries.
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| 6. |
- Sa, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Swedish Foundries Energy Management Program
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With regard to increased sustainability, managers not only need to know WHAT is needed for their company to improve, but also HOW to do so in detail is equally important. Energy management (EnM) is a pillar to the transformation of industrial energy systems towards enhanced energy efficiency and increased sustainability. One way to develop more and improve EnM both practically and theoretically is to shed light on how the combination of techniques and operation can contribute to successful EnM. This paper, therefore, through investigation of 10 Swedish foundries aims to present the structure of the energy strategy and associated practices at first; second, to assess industrys EnM program and maturity level; and third, to identify and understand the nature of energy efficiency promoting factors within studied cases.
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| 7. |
- Sa, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Energy Management Systems and Energy-Related Decision-Making
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transitions is todays debate in almost all topics both in academia and practice. Energy transitions among others, have received relatively more attention, due to the global demand for increasing energy efficiency and lowering environmental impacts. In recent decades, energy management systems, through implementing energy management programs and related practices within industrial companies, have played a vital role in enhancing industrial energy efficiency performance levels. However, still there are problems at very first step of energy management program installation, which is decision-making. Despite market and non-market failures, lack of information, inadequate knowledge, the consequent increase in the perception of risk and uncertainty can be addressed as potential reasons for mentioned problems. Another essential reason can be explained through how an energy program is characterized by people who are attending at an energy-related decision desk. Keeping in mind that allocation of the budget for any investment should not only have financial conformation, but also a strategic value for the company, this paper aims to discuss the impacting parameters on industrial energy-related decision-making and behavior patterns with respect to the critical role of industrial energy management systems.
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| 8. |
- Soepardi, Apriani, et al.
(författare)
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Linking of Barriers to Energy Efficiency Improvement in Indonesias Steel Industry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in Indonesias steel industry accounts for about 20-35% of total production costs. Consequently, energy end-use efficiency is a crucial measure that is used to reduce energy intensity and decrease production costs. This article aims to investigate the relationships among different barriers to energy efficiency improvement (EEI), using a framework with the following six constructs: government policy, the financial-economic factor, the managerial-organizational factor, the technological factor, workforce, and quality and type of feedstock and fuel used. The data were collected from steel firm practitioners in Indonesia, using a questionnaire to test our framework. The results demonstrate that the applied framework was applicable. We find that EEI is moderately influenced by all constructs but that the managerial-organizational factor has the greatest direct effect on improvements and is the most significant factor.
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| 9. |
- Thollander, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Energy Management Decision Making for Improved Energy Efficiency : €”Strategic System Perspectives and Situated Action in Combination
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 8:6, s. 5694-5703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved industrial energy efficiency is a cornerstone in climate change mitigation. Research results suggest that there is still major untapped potential for improved industrial energy efficiency. The major model used to explain the discrepancy between optimal level of energy efficiency and the current level is the barrier model, e.g., different barriers to energy efficiency inhibit adoption of cost-effective measures. The measures outlined in research and policy action plans are almost exclusively technology-oriented, but great potential for energy efficiency improvements is also found in operational measures. Both technology and operational measures are combined in successful energy management practices. Most research in the field of energy management is grounded in engineering science, and theoretical models on how energy management in industry is carried out are scarce. One way to further develop and improve energy management, both theoretically as well as practically, is to explore how a socio-technical perspective can contribute to this understanding. In this article we will further elaborate this potential of cross-pollinating these fields. The aim of this paper is to relate energy management to two theoretical models, situated action and transaction analysis. We conclude that the current model for energy management systems, the input-output model, is insufficient for understanding in-house industrial energy management practices. By the incorporation of situated action and transaction analysis to the currently used input-output model, an enhanced understanding of the complexity of energy management is gained. It is not possible to find a single energy management solution suitable for any industrial company, but rather the idea is to find a reflexive model that can be adjusted from time to time. An idea for such a reflexive model would contain the structural elements from energy management models with consideration for decisions being situated and impossible to predict.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Policies and Programmes for Improved Energy Efficiency in Industrial SMEs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change, due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, is driving policymakers to make decisions to promote more efficient energy use. Improved industrial energy efficiency is said to play a key role in the transition to more carbon-neutral energy systems. In most countries, industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent 95% or more of the total number of companies. Thus, SMEs, apart from using energy, are a major driver in the economy with regard to innovation, GDP growth, employment, investments, exports, etc. Despite this, research and policy activities related to SMEs have been scarce, calling for contributions in the field. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically assess how adequate energy efficiency policy programmes for industrial SMEs could be designed. Results show that scientific publications in the field differ in scope and origin, but a major emphasis of the scientific papers has been on barriers to and drivers for energy efficiency. Scientific contributions from studies of energy policy programmes primarily cover energy audit programmes and show that the major energy efficiency measures from industrial SMEs are found in support processes. The review further reveals an imbalance in geographic scope of the papers within the field, where a vast majority of the papers emanate from Europe, calling for scientific publications from other parts of the world. The study synthesizes the findings into a general method on how to design efficiency programs for the sector.
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