| 1. |
- Fischer, Robert, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Supply Potentials in the Northern Counties of Finland, Norway and Sweden towards Sustainable Nordic Electricity and Heating Sectors : A Review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energies. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lands in the northernmost corner of Europe present contradictory aspects in their social and economic development. Urban settlements are relatively few and small-sized, but rich natural resources (minerals, forests, rivers) attract energy-intensive industries. Energy demand is increasing as a result of new investments in mining and industries, while reliable energy supply is threatened by the planned phase out of Swedish nuclear power, the growth of intermittent power supplies and the need to reduce fossil fuel consumption, especially in the Finnish and Norwegian energy sectors. Given these challenges, this paper investigates the potentials of so far unexploited energy resources in the northern counties of Finland, Norway and Sweden by comparing and critically analyzing data from statistic databases, governmental reports, official websites, research projects and academic publications. The criteria for the technical and economic definition of potentials are discussed separately for each resource. It is concluded that, despite the factors that reduce the theoretical potentials, significant sustainable techno-economic potentials exist for most of the resources, providing important insights about the possible strategies to contribute to a positive socio-economic development in the considered regions.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, Robert, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Optimal Sustainable Energy Systems in Nordic Municipalities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal energy systems in the northern regions of Finland, Norway, and Sweden facemultiple challenges: large-scale industries, cold climate, and a high share of electric heatingcharacterize energy consumption and cause significant peak electricity demand. Local authoritiesare committed in contributing to national goals on CO2 emission reductions by improving energyefficiency and investing in local renewable electricity generation, while considering their ownobjectives for economic development, increased energy self-sufficiency, and affordable energy costs.This paper formulates a multi-objective optimization problem about these goals that is solved byinterfacing the energy systems simulation tool EnergyPLAN with a multi-objective evolutionaryalgorithm implemented in Matlab. A sensitivity analysis on some key economic parameters is alsoperformed. In this way, optimal alternatives are identified for the integrated electricity and heatingsectors and valuable insights are offered to decision-makers in local authorities. Piteå (Norrbotten,Sweden) is used as a case study that is representative of Nordic municipalities, and results showthat CO2 emissions can be reduced by 60% without a considerable increase in total costs and thatpeak electricity import can be reduced by a maximum of 38%.
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| 3. |
- Lazzaretto, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Optimum choice of energy system configuration and storages for a proper match between energy conversion and demands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Special Issue addresses the general problem of a proper match between the demands of energy users and the units for energy conversion and storage, by means of proper design and operation of the overall energy system configuration. The focus is either on systems including single plants or groups of plants, connected or not to one or more energy distribution networks. In both cases, the optimum design and operation involve decisions about thermodynamic processes, about the type, number, design parameters of components/plants, and storage capacities, and about mutual interconnections and the interconnections with the distribution grids. The problem is very wide, can be tackled with different methodologies and may have several, more or less valuable and complicated solutions. The twelve accepted papers certainly represent a good contribution to perceive its difficulty.
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| 4. |
- Mesfun, Sennai, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated SNG Production in a Typical Nordic Sawmill
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced biomass-based motor fuels and chemicals are becoming increasingly important to replace fossil energy sources within the coming decades. It is likely that the new biorefineries will evolve mainly from existing forest industry sites, as they already have the required biomass handling infrastructure in place. The main objective of this work is to assess the potential for increasing the profit margin from sawmill byproducts by integrating innovative downstream processes. The focus is on the techno-economic evaluation of an integrated site for biomass-based synthetic natural gas (bio-SNG) production. The option of using the syngas in a biomass-integrated gasification combined cycle (b-IGCC) for the production of electricity (instead of SNG) is also considered for comparison. The process flowsheets that are used to analyze the energy and material balances are modelled in MATLAB and Simulink. A mathematical process integration model of a typical Nordic sawmill is used to analyze the effects on the energy flows in the overall site, as well as to evaluate the site economics. Different plant sizes have been considered in order to assess the economy-of-scale effect. The technical data required as input are collected from the literature and, in some cases, from experiments. The investment cost is evaluated on the basis of conducted studies, third party supplier budget quotations and in-house database information. This paper presents complete material and energy balances of the considered processes and the resulting process economics. Results show that in order for the integrated SNG production to be favored, depending on the sawmill size, a biofuel subsidy in the order of 28–52 €/MWh SNG is required.
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