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- Bahadoran, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Different Pharmacokinetic Responses to an Acute Dose of Inorganic Nitrate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 2212-3873 .- 1871-5303. ; 21:5, s. 878-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of nitrate (NO3) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy adults. Potential effects of salivary nitrate reductase (NR) activity on cardiometabolic responses to an acute dose of NO3was also assessed.Methods:Nine healthy adults and nine T2DM patients were recruited to consume a NO3-rich breakfast (~410 mg NO3). Pharmacokinetics of NO3were examined using repeated measurements of NOx (nitrate+ nitrite) concentrations of serum and saliva over 8 hours and NO3concentrations of spot and 24-h urine samples. Cardiometabolic parameters, including serum levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides as well as blood pressure were also measured.Results:Compared to patients with T2DM, serum NOx concentration (Δ1= 16.7 vs. 4.4 μmol/L, P=0.057) of healthy subjects sharply increased within 1 hour after NO3loading. Healthy subjects had a higher NR activity index, and higher peak salivary NO3concentration with a lower time to peak. Diabetic patients with high- compared to low-NR values had a higher whole-body NOx exposure (103±31.4 vs. 58.9±22.1 μmol.h/L); they also showed a better glycemic response and more reduction of blood pressure following ingestion of a NO3-rich meal.Conclusion:T2DM may be associated with a different pattern of NOx pharmacokinetics (especially salivary NOx metabolism). Salivary NR activity may have a critical role in postprandial metabolism of NO3, and diabetic patients with higher NR activity may take more advantages from NO3supplementation.
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- Tavakol, M, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Approach to the Patients with Suspected Primary Immunodeficiency
- 2020
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Ingår i: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 2212-3873 .- 1871-5303. ; 20:2, s. 157-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of more than 350 disorders affecting distinct components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this review, the classic and advanced stepwise approach towards the diagnosis of PIDs are simplified and explained in detail.Results:Susceptibility to recurrent infections is the main hallmark of almost all PIDs. However, noninfectious complications attributable to immune dysregulation presenting with lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune disorders are not uncommon. Moreover, PIDs could be associated with misleading presentations including allergic manifestations, enteropathies, and malignancies.Conclusion:Timely diagnosis is the most essential element in improving outcome and reducing the morbidity and mortality in PIDs. This wouldn’t be possible unless the physicians keep the diagnosis of PID in mind and be sufficiently aware of the approach to these patients.
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