| 1. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Managers' experiences of visitor monitoring in Swedish outdoor recreational areas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. - : Elsevier. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 14, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematically collected information on outdoor recreation participation, motives and behaviors can improve recreation opportunities and reduce the risk of user conflicts. There are many uses of this type of information for managers of recreational areas including analyses of environmental, social and economic impacts, development of infrastructure, and marketing to appropriate audiences. One key component in building this knowledge is the application of visitor monitoring. This study takes an exploratory approach by analyzing managers' experiences on different on-site monitoring methods at 12 recreational areas in Sweden. Results show that knowledge of these methods and their use are strongly linked to individual managers' skills and competence. Contemporary changes in recreation behavior calls for more innovative monitoring approaches, but managers included in this study primarily work with rather traditional methods, which is likely representative of the overall situation in Sweden. Networking, educational programs and closer collaborations with universities could facilitate some of the challenges identified.Management implications● The study showed the relevance of improved visitor monitoring practices, and tailor-made monitoring guidelines, based on actual use and experience-based data.● Adequate visitor monitoring practices:- help to better incorporate recreation activities and values in natural resource management decisions,● increase the awareness of possible conflicts between recreational and other resource users,● show the possible need for increased management capacity, additional training or new ways of visitor management and provide a better foundation for decision making.
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| 2. |
- Boman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor recreation - A necessity or a luxury? : Estimation of Engel curves for Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 3-4, s. 49-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Income constitutes one important constraint for the degree of participation in outdoor recreation. The effect of this constraint can be measured by the income elasticity of outdoor recreation demand, which is of policy interest when the distribution of recreation opportunities across socioeconomic groups is a concern. This study investigated income elasticity of expenditures for three types of outdoor recreation in Sweden, at the individual level: outdoor recreation as an aggregated composite good, outdoor recreation close to home (less than 100 km away from the permanent residence), and hunting. The findings indicated that outdoor recreation as a composite is a luxury good with elasticity in excess of unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a greater relative increase in demand). The elasticities of the specific activities were found to be lower. Outdoor recreation close to home was characterized as a necessity with elasticity less than unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a smaller relative increase in demand). The results further suggested that an increase in income could lead to either a decrease or an increase in the demand for hunting, indicating that hunting might be an inferior good or possibly a necessity. Management implications Based on data from national surveys in Sweden, this paper explores the relationship between income and demand for different types of outdoor recreation activities. The analysis reveals that: The total demand for outdoor recreation opportunities can be expected to increase with increasing income levels in society. An increase in total demand does, however, not imply that demand for all types of outdoor recreation will increase simultaneously.The relationship between income and outdoor recreation demand differs among various types of recreation activities. Outdoor recreation close to home and hunting provided two examples of such diverging patterns in this paper. This, in turn, leads to different policy implications.Policy measures should, therefore, be adapted to the specific type of outdoor recreation under consideration.Managers need to be aware of the underlying factors affecting demand, such as socioeconomic characteristics, substitutability, motivations and different types of constraints.Future analysis should consider also the following factors potentially affecting outdoor recreation demand:- The distinction between recreation enjoyed during overnight trips (i.e. tourism related), as opposed to day based recreation activities where income may be less important.- The time available for outdoor recreation and the family situation.- Recreational activities must be regarded within the regulatory national framework. For example hunting in Sweden is guided by bag limits, reduced mobility because of limited access to specific hunting grounds, and specific national management of hunting opportunities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Butler, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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“There will be mushrooms again” – Foraging, landscape and forest fire
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation. - : Elsevier. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we address the relevance of recreational foraging, picking berries and mushrooms, for developing connection to nature and what happens when that practice is interrupted by drastic landscape change. We use the site of the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history as a case to examining the relevance of foraging. In previous studies, positive associations have been observed between the activity of picking berries and mushrooms with landscape-identity prior to forest fires. The results suggest that the more participants enjoyed foraging, the stronger their attachment to the landscape as well as memories and reasoning about the landscape. These relationships remainedafter the area has been drastically altered by fire, implying a significant role of foraging for keeping “alive” the positive feelings and memories of the forest landscape. Through questionnaires and semistructured interviews, we examine why individuals forage, what foraging meant for them before the event and how they relate to the landscape and foraging after the fire. Our findings suggest that these connections are built on an interplay between place, practice and intimate knowledge. We conclude that foraging play an essential role in defining and developing connections to landscape which can act as the basis for stewardship of the landscape. Management implications: • In order to facilitate reconnection to the landscape after a forest fire there is a need to understand how individuals and communities related to the landscape before the fire. • Foraging will always be reliant on issues of access, and specific management regimes. • Cultural values and small-scale activities play an essential role in defining and developing connections to landscape. Connections which can ultimately inform a sense of responsibility and stewardship. • Activities such as foraging are reliant on more than just the affordance provided by the physical and visual character of a landscape.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Axel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature always recovers! A degrowth analysis of event participants’ perspective on environmental impacts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the challenges of self-limitation, providing insights into how event sport participants relate to and act within limits. From a cultural degrowth perspective that advocates for the need to practice self-limitation and reduce environmental waste from economic activities, we examine how event participants perceive physical impacts on nature during two types of nature-based events in Jämtland, Sweden. Based on 50 semi-structured interviews, observations and photo-elicitation observations, the findings reveal the difficulties of adhering to limitations. Initially, the informants considered only trash or greenhouse gas emissions as impacts but were stunned to see photos of how impacts such as trail and soil erosion had gone beyond what they imagined. However, responsibility for limiting the effects tended to shift to others, particularly the event organisers. These two events present a paradox in tourism. The convivial idea of visiting nature collides with resource utilisation that heavily impacts the environment.
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| 5. |
- Ghaderi, Zahed, et al.
(författare)
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Overtourism, residents and Iranian rural villages : Voices from a developing country
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differing from much of the research on overtourism, which has concentrated on urban tourist destinations, this exploratory study investigates the attitudes of rural communities toward over-visitation. Face-to-face interviews with 63 respondents in three of the most visited Iranian villages reveal that tourism creates social, psychological and health problems for residents. Findings indicate that locals questioned the notion of tourism as a means of sustainable livelihood for local communities and on many occasions protest against tourism. Respondents also emphasized the failure of tourism authorities to manage overcrowding and called for public authority-community partnerships in managing visitation growth. Residents also regard the behaviours of tourists and their responses to local needs as having a significant role in better managing overtourism. Besides having significant practical implications for tourism stakeholders, this study adds knowledge to the overtourism and degrowth literature by drawing attention to overtourism in rural areas in developing economies with a focus on sustainable tourism planning. Management implications: The current study investigates the phenomenon of overtourism from the perspectives of ruralcommunity in popular rural tourism destinations. The paper has both practical and theoreticalcontribution by bringing the phenomenon of overtourism within the context of rural tourismwhich has been overlooked in the literature. It also echoes the concerns of local community overgrowth visitation and ascertains that unlike common beliefs in the mainstream literature, bignumbers do not necessarily bring significant benefits. The study further highlights that changingdestinations strategies and defining new roles for local community in managing overtourism isnecessary and tourism authorities should pay more attention to the priorities of local community.The findings of this research also recommend solutions to manage overtourism from theperspective of local community and calls the contribution of all industry players including visitors.
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| 6. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Tourist accommodation, climate change and mitigation : An assessment for Austria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation. - : Elsevier. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 34:June
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accommodation is an important part of the tourism value chain, and accounts for a substantial share of the sector's greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides a short global overview of the energy-intensity of various forms of accommodation establishments, with a more focused discussion of energy-use in Austria, including different types of end-uses. The paper concludes that the accommodation sector is, in comparison to transportation, already a low-carbon sector, and has a good potential to fully decarbonize until 2040. The paper analyses carbon management needs in businesses, as well as the role and importance of policies and legislation to accelerate decarbonization. This paper has an applied nature and is part of the Austrian Special Report on Climate Change.Management Implications:Most accommodation establishments still waste energy. Yet, interest in saving energy is often limited due to the (perceived) low cost of energy.A switch to renewable electricity use (sun, wind, water) as well as other renewable energies (wood, biogas) is only marginally more expensive than using conventional (fossil) energy.Energy consulting, incentive programs, as well as energy-related legislation can also increase the interest of owners and managers to engage in energy savings.For new buildings, architecture and design can support energy savings. Passive energy standards, passive solar heating, passive cooling, as well as smaller guest rooms or public areas reduce heating and cooling cost. Compact designs also reduce staff and operational cost.Additional reductions in CO2 emissions can result out of greater awareness of energy use, and concomitant changes in service designs (e.g., food, wellness, transport).Information on climate-friendliness in marketing materials and reservation platforms involves guests, influences their choices, and serves as an incentive for further low-carbon investments.Staff training in energy-management and low-carbon operations can make significant contributions to operational energy savings, and is often paramount for the implementation of measures.
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| 7. |
- Hedblom, Marcus
(författare)
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Do soundscape perceptions vary over length of stay within urban parks?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outdoor recreational experiences of soundscapes in urban parks are not instantaneous but continuous over time, yet most existing studies evaluate soundscapes in one place or one environment at a single moment in time. In this study, outdoor users’ perceptions of soundscapes during a visit in varying environments within urban parks in Xi’an, China were explored. The results from N = 2034 respondents showed that (1) the level of overall perceived loudness peaked between 30 min and 1 h of a visit and then the perception of loudness lessened with increased length of stay. (2) Perceived occurrences of both natural and mechanical sounds showed a significant increment within 1 h, however, the natural sounds remained relatively stable after the hour, while the mechanical sounds rose significantly to a peak between 1 and 3 h (3) Visual sources of birds were not detected until after 3 h of the visit, while visual sources of broadcast music were tended to be detected within 1 h (4) Overall perceived loudness only varied over time in blue, open green and dense green space; perceived occurrences of birds only varied over time in grey and partly open/dense green space; perceived occurrences of broadcast music only varied over time in grey space, partly open/dense green and dense green space; perceived occurrences of bicycle riding only varied over time in open green and dense green space. The implications of these findings include the management of urban parks to improve the recreational experience of visitors, and considerations for future research on the soundscape in urban parks.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Kreg, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty, data treatment, and the measurement of outdoor recreation expenditure
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 12, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expenditure and economic impact analyses are common in outdoor recreation and tourism, but there are potential sources of error in resulting estimates. The present study extends expenditure evaluation using national period-based reporting data from Sweden. This appears to be the first study that: (i) systematically provided respondents with opportunities to correct reported expenditure amounts and (ii) utilized corrections, certainty evaluations, and survey completion time to adjust expenditure estimates. Greater expenditure complexity was associated with lower respondent certainty in expenditure reports. Survey completion time was positively correlated with certainty, though only marginally so. Fewer than 10% of respondents changed expenditure reports, and the changes did not have a dramatic effect on mean expenditure. Expenditure amounts in the fuel and grocery categories were the most likely to be changed and the most likely to affect reported certainty; this is consistent with potential error arising from allocation of expenditure to recreation versus non-recreation purposes. Most of the data treatments resulted in means and standard deviations that were within 10% of the common Naïve approach; however, the "high certainty" treatment substantially reduced the expenditure mean and standard deviation. Given the prevalence and importance of economic impact estimates, the diversity of analysis contexts, and the paucity of past research, further evaluation of alternate survey administration and data treatment approaches is recommended. This research will contribute to more informed policy making and management through enhanced data quality. Management implications Recreation is one of the important ecosystem services that natural areas provide, and the economic impact of visitor expenditure is one rationale for promoting outdoor recreation participation and sustaining natural areas. This study contributes to informed policy making and management by (i) providing guidance regarding data collection methods, including the role of probing and survey completion time, and (ii) illustrating different treatments of reported expenditure, with potential implications for data quality and results.
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| 9. |
- Lund-Durlacher, Dagmar, et al.
(författare)
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An analysis of Austria's food service sector in the context of climate change
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation. - : Elsevier. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food service industry and its relation to climate change have recently gained attention, as the greenhouse gas intensity of food production and consumption has become better understood. Food services – including restaurants, canteens, or catering - have great relevance for emissions as a result of the purchasing decisions they make as well as their influence on consumer choices. This paper provides an overview of the existing knowledge on these interrelationships, with a specific focus on Austria. Specifically, it investigates whether there are opportunities for the Austrian food service sector to contribute to mitigation. The paper also discusses the role of policies and waste management in changing food use patterns. The paper has an applied nature and is part of the Austrian Special Report on Tourism and Climate Change.Management implicationsIn many cases the implementation of measures requires-a raised awareness and better knowledge about climate change and low-carbon food systems. In this context energy saving campaigns might be helpful to enhance the awareness-a commitment of managers, employees, and guests. Funding opportunities may encourage business and customers to move forward on climate-friendlier food choices.-a specific training for food service owners, managers, chefs, kitchen and service staff. The integration of climate-related content into the curricula of hospitality schools, universities and food programs will also be essential for mainstreaming food climate knowledge.
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| 10. |
- Lunner Kolstrup, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer preferences for riding lessons in Finland, Sweden and Finland
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Services in the equine sector offer a new form of livelihood for farms around cities. However, studies focusing on the demand for these services are limited, even though the knowledge on client preferences would enable the systematic development of riding services. This study examines riding lesson choice and attributes affecting it in Finland, Sweden, and Latvia, i.e. three countries of the Central Baltic Sea region. We used a choice experiment method with both pooled and country-specific models to assess the heterogeneity of the clientele and define consumer segments. The pooled model aimed to look at the demand as a whole and the country models to obtain more specific information on the consumer segments. The pooled model proved that there was clear heterogeneity in preferences among the respondents. Furthermore, the results of the country-specific models revealed three distinctive consumer groups in each country. Even though there were some differences between countries, all in all, the groups could be described as one with low interest in lessons, one with recreational focus and one more interested in skills. Based on the models, we were also able to calculate willingness to pay estimates for different attribute combinations.Management implications: Our study adds to the limited knowledge about riding as an outdoor activity and riders as clients of rural leisure service providers. Overall, the most important attribute for Latvian, Swedish and Finnish riders in selecting riding lessons was a qualified teacher, as it affected consumer willingness to pay the most. Furthermore, there is high potential for stables to add value to their services by focusing on horse welfare and developing horsemanship. However, the importance of the attributes differed significantly between consumer segments. Equine service providers should therefore consider whether to provide versatile services or to concentrate on specific clientele.
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