| 1. |
- Alarcon, Alvaro, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Few-Mode-Fiber Technology Fine-tunes Losses in Quantum Communication Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2331-7019. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A natural choice for quantum communication is to use the relative phase between two paths of a single photon for information encoding. This method was nevertheless quickly identified as impractical over long distances, and thus a modification based on single-photon time bins has become widely adopted. It, how-ever, introduces a fundamental loss, which increases with the dimension and limits its application over long distances. Here solve this long-standing hurdle by using a few-mode-fiber space-division-multiplexing platform working with orbital-angular-momentum modes. In our scheme, we maintain the practicability provided by the time-bin scheme, while the quantum states are transmitted through a few-mode fiber in a configuration that does not introduce postselection losses. We experimentally demonstrate our proposal by successfully transmitting phase-encoded single-photon states for quantum cryptography over 500 m of few-mode fiber, showing the feasibility of our scheme.
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| 2. |
- Anghel, D. V., et al.
(författare)
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Cold-Electron Bolometer as a 1-cm-Wavelength Photon Counter
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate theoretically the possibility of using the cold-electron bolometer (CEB) as a counter for 1-cm-wavelength (30-GHz) photons. To reduce the flux of photons from the environment that interact with the detector, the bath temperature is assumed to be below 50 mK. At such temperatures, the time interval between two subsequent photons of 30 GHz that hit the detector is more than 100 h, on average, for a frequency window of 1 MHz. Such temperatures allow the observation of the physically significant photons produced in rare events, such as axion conversion (or Primakoff conversion) in a magnetic field. We present the general formalism for the detector's response and noise, together with numerical calculations for proper experimental setups. We observe that the current-biased regime is favorable due to lower noise and allows for photon counting at least below 50 mK. For the experimental setups investigated here, the voltage-biased CEBs may also work as photon counters but with less accuracy and, eventually, may require smaller volumes of the normal-metal island.
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| 3. |
- Arora, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic Damping in Polycrystalline Thin-Film Fe-V Alloys
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - : American Physical Society. - 2331-7019. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the magnetic damping properties of polycrystalline Fe-V alloy thin films that are deposited at room temperature. By varying the concentration of V in the alloy, the saturation magnetization can be adjusted from that of Fe to near zero. We show that exceptionally low values of the damping parameter can be maintained over the majority of this range, with a minimum damping at approximately 15%-20% V concentration. Such a minimum is qualitatively reproduced with ab initio calculations of the damping parameter, although at a concentration closer to 10% V. The measured intrinsic damping has a minimum value of (1.53 +/- 0.08) x 10-3, which is approximately a factor of 3 higher than our calculated value of 0.48 x 10-3. From first-principles theory, we outline the factors that are mainly responsible for the trend of the damping parameter in these alloys. In particular, the band structure and resulting damping mechanism is shown to change at V concentrations greater than approximately 35% V content.
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| 4. |
- Aurino, Pier Paolo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Retention of Electronic Conductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Nanostructures Using a SrCuO2 Capping Layer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - : American Physical Society. - 2331-7019. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interface between two wide band-gap insulators, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) offers a unique playground to study the interplay and competitions between different ordering phenomena in a strongly correlated two- dimensional electron gas. Recent studies of the LAO/STO interface reveal the inhomogeneous nature of the 2DEG that strongly influences electrical-transport properties. Nanowires needed in future applications may be adversely affected, and our aim is, thus, to produce a more homogeneous electron gas. In this work, we demonstrate that nanostructures fabricated in the quasi-2DEG at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, capped with a SrCuO2 layer, retain their electrical resistivity and mobility independent of the structure size, ranging from 100 nm to 30 mu m. This is in contrast to noncapped LAO/STO structures, where the room-temperature electrical resistivity significantly increases when the structure size becomes smaller than 1 mu m. High-resolution intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy reveals an inhomogeneous surface potential with "puddles" of a characteristic size of 130 nm in the noncapped samples and a more uniform surface potential with a larger characteristic size of the puddles in the capped samples. In addition, capped structures show superconductivity below 200 mK and nonlinear currentvoltage characteristics with a clear critical current observed up to 700 mK. Our findings shed light on the complicated nature of the 2DEG at the LAO/STO interface and may also be used for the design of electronic devices.
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| 5. |
- Baasch, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
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Gap Distance Between Pearl Chains in Acoustic Manipulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theory to compute the stable gap (interparticle) distance between particle chains collected in the pressure node of an acoustic standing wave. The primary and secondary acoustic radiation forces are the two competing forces that act on the particles during the particle chain formation. The stable equilibrium distance between two chains is reached when both forces are in balance. Most interestingly, the density scattering coefficient appears to the second power in the theoretical prediction of the gap distance, indicating that the particle-chain formation occurs for both particles heavier than the surrounding medium and, notably, also for buoyant particles. Experimentally, the gap distance is evaluated for several different media and particle material combinations and the particle-chain formation is observed for both buoyantparticles and particles heavier than the surrounding medium. The theory agrees well with experiments in the cases where the material properties of the medium and the particles are well known.
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| 6. |
- Baghdadi, Reza, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Fabricating Nanogaps in YBa2Cu3O7-delta for Hybrid Proximity-Based Josephson Junctions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advances of nanotechnologies applied to high-critical-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have recently given a huge boost to the field, opening new prospectives for their integration in hybrid devices. The feasibility of this research goes through the realization of HTS nanogaps with superconductive properties close to the as-grown bulk material at the nanoscale. Here we present a fabrication approach allowing the realization of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) nanogaps with dimensions as small as 35 nm. To assess the quality of the nanogaps, we measure, before and after an ozone treatment, the current-voltage characteristics and the resistance versus temperature of YBCO nanowires with various widths and lengths, fabricated by using different lithographic processes. The analysis of the superconducting transition with a thermally activated vortex-entry model allows us to determine the maximum damage the nanowires undergo during the patterning which relates to the upper bound for the dimension of the nanogap. We find that the effective width of the nanogap is of the order of 100 nm at the superconducting transition temperature while retaining the geometrical value of about 35 nm at lower temperatures. The feasibility of the nanogaps for hybrid Josephson devices is demonstrated by bridging them with thin Au films. We detect a Josephson coupling up to 85 K with an almost ideal magnetic-field response of the Josephson current. These results pave the way for the realization of complex hybrid devices, where tiny HTS nanogaps can be instrumental to study the Josephson effect through barriers such as topological insulators or graphene.
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| 7. |
- Behera, Nilamani, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-Efficient W100-xTax/ Co-Fe-B/MgO Spin Hall Nano-Oscillators
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a W-Ta alloying route to reduce the auto-oscillation threshold current densities and the power consumption of nanoconstriction based spin Hall nano-oscillators. Using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements on microbars of W100-xTax(5 nm)/Co-Fe-B(t)/MgO stacks with t=1.4, 1.8, and 2.0 nm, we measure a substantial improvement in both the spin-orbit torque efficiency and the spin Hall conductivity. We demonstrate a 34% reduction in auto-oscillation threshold current density, which translates into a 64% reduction in power consumption as compared with pure W-based spin Hall nano-oscillators. Our work demonstrates the promising aspects of W-Ta alloying for the energy-efficient operation of emerging spintronic devices.
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| 8. |
- Bejanin, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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Three-Dimensional Wiring for Extensible Quantum Computing: The Quantum Socket
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum computing architectures are on the verge of scalability, a key requirement for the implementation of a universal quantum computer. The next stage in this quest is the realization of quantum error-correction codes, which will mitigate the impact of faulty quantum information on a quantum computer. Architectures with ten or more quantum bits (qubits) have been realized using trapped ions and superconducting circuits. While these implementations are potentially scalable, true scalability will require systems engineering to combine quantum and classical hardware. One technology demanding imminent efforts is the realization of a suitable wiring method for the control and the measurement of a large number of qubits. In this work, we introduce an interconnect solution for solid-state qubits: the quantum socket. The quantum socket fully exploits the third dimension to connect classical electronics to qubits with higher density and better performance than two-dimensional methods based on wire bonding. The quantum socket is based on spring-mounted microwires-the three-dimensional wires-that push directly on a microfabricated chip, making electrical contact. A small wire cross section (approximately 1 mm), nearly nonmagnetic components, and functionality at low temperatures make the quantum socket ideal for operating solid-state qubits. The wires have a coaxial geometry and operate over a frequency range from dc to 8 GHz, with a contact resistance of approximately 150 m Omega, an impedance mismatch of approximately 10 Omega, and minimal cross talk. As a proof of principle, we fabricate and use a quantum socket to measure high-quality superconducting resonators at a temperature of approximately 10 mK. Quantum error-correction codes such as the surface code will largely benefit from the quantum socket, which will make it possible to address qubits located on a two-dimensional lattice. The present implementation of the socket could be readily extended to accommodate a quantum processor with a (10 x 10)-qubit lattice, which would allow for the realization of a simple quantum memory.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Andreas, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Success Probability with Greater Circuit Depth for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors-although far from fault tolerant-support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to combinatorial optimization problems. On small-scale quantum processors, validations of such algorithms serve as important technology demonstrators. We implement the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on our hardware platform, consisting of two superconducting transmon qubits and one parametrically modulated coupler. We solve small instances of the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time)-complete exact-cover problem, with 96.6% success probability, by iterating the algorithm up to level two.
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| 10. |
- Bodé, William N., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the Complex-Valued Elastic Moduli of Polymers by Electrical-Impedance Spectroscopy for Ultrasound Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is presented for the determination of complex-valued compression and shear elastic moduli of polymers for ultrasound applications. The resulting values, which are scarcely reported in the literature, are found with uncertainties typically around 1% (real part) and 6% (imaginary part). The method involves a setup consisting of a cm-radius, mm-thick polymer ring glued concentrically to a disk-shaped piezoelectric transducer. The ultrasound electrical-impedance spectrum of the transducer is computed numerically and fitted to measured values as an inverse problem in a wide frequency range, typically from 500 Hz to 5 MHz, both on and off resonance. The method is validated experimentally by ultrasonic through transmission around 1.9 MHz. The method is low cost, not limited to specific geometries and crystal symmetries, and, given the developed software, easy to execute. The method has no obvious frequency limitations before severe attenuation sets in above 100 MHz.
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