| 1. |
- Ament-Velásquez, S. Lorena, Ph.D. 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Allorecognition genes drive reproductive isolation in Podospora anserina
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 6:7, s. 910-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allorecognition, the capacity to discriminate self from conspecific non-self, is a ubiquitous organismal feature typically governed by genes evolving under balancing selection. Here, we show that in the fungus Podospora anserina, allorecognition loci controlling vegetative incompatibility (het genes), define two reproductively isolated groups through pleiotropic effects on sexual compatibility. These two groups emerge from the antagonistic interactions of the unlinked loci het-r (encoding a NOD-like receptor) and het-v (encoding a methyltransferase and an MLKL/HeLo domain protein). Using a combination of genetic and ecological data, supported by simulations, we provide a concrete and molecularly defined example whereby the origin and coexistence of reproductively isolated groups in sympatry is driven by pleiotropic genes under balancing selection.
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| 2. |
- Baur, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evidence for effects of sexual selection on condition-dependent mutation rates
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2397-334X. ; 4:5, s. 737-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual selection depletes genetic variation but depleted genetic variation limits the efficacy of sexual selection-a long-standing enigma known as the lek paradox. Here we offer a twist to this paradox by showing that sexual selection and the generation of new genetic variation via mutation may be entangled in an evolutionary feedback loop. We induced DNA damage in the germline of male seed beetles evolved under regimes manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection, and quantified de novo mutations in F2-F7 generations by measuring mutation load. Sexually selected males passed on smaller loads, suggesting that selection for male quality not only purges segregating deleterious alleles, but can also reduce the rate at which such alleles originate de novo. However, when engaging in socio-sexual interactions, males evolved exclusively under sexual selection transferred greater loads, suggesting that trade-offs between naturally and sexually selected fitness components can increase mutation rate. These results offer causality to the widely observed male mutation bias and have implications for the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness. Experimental evolution in male seed beetles subjected to different levels of natural and sexual selection reveals that trade-offs between naturally and sexually selected fitness components can increase mutation rate.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bloch, Natasha, I, et al.
(författare)
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Early neurogenomic response associated with variation in guppy female mate preference
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 2:11, s. 1772-1781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the evolution of mate choice requires dissecting the mechanisms of female preference, particularly how these differ among social contexts and preference phenotypes. Here, we studied the female neurogenomic response after only 10 min of mate exposure in both a sensory component (optic tectum) and a decision-making component (telencephalon) of the brain. By comparing the transcriptional response between females with and without preferences for colourful males, we identified unique neurogenomic elements associated with the female preference phenotype that are not present in females without preference. A network analysis revealed different properties for this response at the sensory-processing and the decision-making levels, and we show that this response is highly centralized in the telencephalon. Furthermore, we identified an additional set of genes that vary in expression across social contexts, beyond mate evaluation. We show that transcription factors among these loci are predicted to regulate the transcriptional response of the genes we found to be associated with female preference.
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| 5. |
- Botting, Joseph P., et al.
(författare)
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A Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Castle Bank, Wales (UK)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 7:5, s. 666-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burgess Shale-type faunas are critical to our understanding of animal evolution during the Cambrian, giving an unrivalled view of the morphology of ancient organisms and the ecology of the earliest animal-dominated communities. Rare examples in Lower Ordovician strata such as the Fezouata Biota illustrate the subsequent evolution of ecosystems but only from before the main phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Later Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätten are not directly comparable with the Burgess Shale-type faunas as they do not represent diverse, open-shelf communities, limiting our ability to track ecological development through the critical Ordovician biodiversification interval. Here we present the Castle Bank fauna: a highly diverse Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Wales (UK) that is directly comparable with the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang biotas in palaeoenvironment and preservational style. The deposit includes animals with morphologies similar to the iconic Cambrian taxa Opabinia, Yohoia and Wiwaxia, combined with early examples of more derived groups such as barnacles. Many taxa such as kinorhynchs show the small sizes typical of modern faunas, illustrating post-Cambrian miniaturization. Castle Bank provides a new perspective on early animal evolution, revealing the next chapter in ecosystem development following the Chengjiang, Burgess Shale and Fezouata biotas.
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| 6. |
- Brazeau, Martin D., et al.
(författare)
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Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian 'placoderm' from Mongolia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 4:11, s. 1477-1484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endochondral bone is the main internal skeletal tissue of nearly all osteichthyans—the group comprising more than 60,000 living species of bony fishes and tetrapods. Chondrichthyans (sharks and their kin) are the living sister group of osteichthyans and have primarily cartilaginous endoskeletons, long considered the ancestral condition for all jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes). The absence of bone in modern jawless fishes and the absence of endochondral ossification in early fossil gnathostomes appear to lend support to this conclusion. Here we report the discovery of extensive endochondral bone in Minjinia turgenensis, a new genus and species of ‘placoderm’-like fish from the Early Devonian (Pragian) of western Mongolia described using X-ray computed microtomography. The fossil consists of a partial skull roof and braincase with anatomical details providing strong evidence of placement in the gnathostome stem group. However, its endochondral space is filled with an extensive network of fine trabeculae resembling the endochondral bone of osteichthyans. Phylogenetic analyses place this new taxon as a proximate sister group of the gnathostome crown. These results provide direct support for theories of generalized bone loss in chondrichthyans. Furthermore, they revive theories of a phylogenetically deeper origin of endochondral bone and its absence in chondrichthyans as a secondary condition.
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| 7. |
- Chapron, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Bolster Legal Boundaries to Stay within Planetary Boundaries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mounting threats posed to the global environment by harmful human activities cannot be averted without effective legislation controlling those activities. However, the environmental laws designed for this purpose are themselves under global attack. Because it is binding and enforceable, legislation is a unique and essential instrument in the overall effort to keep humanity’s impacts on the planet from transgressing critical thresholds. For instance, biodiversity laws do so by designating and protecting natural areas and controlling the exploitation of wildlife populations. Yet, due to short-term economic and other interests, such laws face constant pressures aimed at weakening their regulating impact on human activities. This new study reveals and illustrates the staggering number and diversity of tactics used to weaken biodiversity legislation across the globe. This ‘taxonomy of tactics’ encompasses dozens of categories, ranging from the creative re-definition of terms to the ‘fast-tracking’ of environmentally harmful projects, and from limiting concerned citizens’ access to court, to the silent or even express refusal of appointed authorities to enforce biodiversity laws.Whereas the predicament of the planet’s wild fauna and flora would have been even worse without the legal protection they have received so far, the onslaught against biodiversity laws has prevented these from fully performing their assigned function. The global acceleration of wildlife population declines bears witness to this. To stem the tide, strategic approaches are needed to anticipate and counter attacks on biodiversity legislation; to make the most of existing laws, including in court if need be; and to develop new or improved laws where necessary.
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| 8. |
- Corral-López, Alberto, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional convergence of genomic and transcriptomic architecture underlies schooling behaviour in a live-bearing fish
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 8:1, s. 98-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organization and coordination of fish schools provide a valuable model to investigate the genetic architecture of affiliative behaviours and dissect the mechanisms underlying social behaviours and personalities. Here we used replicate guppy selection lines that vary in schooling propensity and combine quantitative genetics with genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the genetic basis of sociability phenotypes. We show that consistent with findings in collective motion patterns, experimental evolution of schooling propensity increased the sociability of female, but not male, guppies when swimming with unfamiliar conspecifics. This finding highlights a relevant link between coordinated motion and sociability for species forming fission–fusion societies in which both group size and the type of social interactions are dynamic across space and time. We further show that alignment and attraction, the two major traits forming the sociability personality axis in this species, showed heritability estimates at the upper end of the range previously described for social behaviours, with important variation across sexes. The results from both Pool-seq and RNA-seq data indicated that genes involved in neuron migration and synaptic function were instrumental in the evolution of sociability, highlighting a crucial role of glutamatergic synaptic function and calcium-dependent signalling processes in the evolution of schooling.
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| 9. |
- Evans, Simon R., 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change upends selection on ornamentation in a wild bird
- 2017
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Ingår i: NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 1:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secondary sexual traits have high heritabilities and are exposed to strong, environmentally sensitive selection, and so are expected to evolve rapidly in response to sustained environmental change. We examine the eco-evolutionary dynamics of ornament expression in a long-term study population of collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis, in which forehead patch size, which positively influences male reproductive success, declined markedly over 34 years. Annual fitness selection on forehead patch size switched from positive to negative during the study, a reversal that is accounted for by rising spring temperatures at the breeding site: highly ornamented males were selectively favoured following cold breeding seasons but selected against following warm breeding seasons. An 'individual animal model' describes a decline in the genetic values of breeding males during the study, which simulations showed was unlikely to result from drift alone. These results are thus consistent with adaptive evolution of a sexually selected trait in response to climate change.
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| 10. |
- Fu, Ruirui, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analyses of introgression between two sympatric Asian oak species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 6:7, s. 924-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introgression can be an important source of new alleles for adaption under rapidly changing environments, perhaps even more important than standing variation. Though introgression has been extensively studied in many plants and animals, key questions on the underlying mechanisms of introgression still remain unanswered. In particular, we are yet to determine the genomic distribution of introgressed regions along the genome; whether the extent and patterns of introgression are influenced by ecological factors; and when and how introgression contributes to adaptation. Here, we generated high-quality genomic resources for two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, Quercus acutissima and Q. variabilis, sampled in multiple forests to study introgression between them. We show that introgressed regions are broadly distributed across the genome. Introgression was affected by genetic divergence between pairs of populations and by the similarity of the environments in which they live-populations occupying similar ecological sites tended to share the same introgressed regions. Introgressed genomic footprints of adaptation were preferentially located in regions with suppressed recombination rate. Introgression probably confers adaptation in these oak populations by introducing allelic variation in cis-regulatory elements, in particular through transposable element insertions, thereby altering the regulation of genes related to stress. Our results provide new avenues of research for uncovering mechanisms of adaptation due to hybridization in sympatric species. Introgression is an important source of genetic variation. Analysing genomes of two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, the authors find introgression across the genome and signatures of adaptive introgression in regions with suppressed recombination rate.
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