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- Herz, Noa, et al.
(författare)
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Intrusive memories : A mechanistic signature for emotional memory persistence
- 2020
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Memories of negative emotional events persist more over time relative to memories for neutral information. Such persistence has been attributed to heightened encoding and consolidation processes. However, reactivation of the encoded information may also lead to reduced memory decay through rehearsal or a reconsolidation processes. Here, we tested whether involuntary intrusive memories, spontaneously arising following a stressful event and reactivating its memory, function to prevent memory decay, enhancing its persistence. Participants watched a stressful film containing scenes of aversive material. Memory for the film contents was tested immediately post film using a visual recognition test. In the following five days, participants recorded intrusive memories of the film using a digitized diary. After 5-days, memory for the film contents was retested. Results indicate that in the immediate aftermath of film watching, participant's memory scores were similarly high for scenes that were later experienced as intrusions and scenes that did not intrude, suggesting effective encoding for all scenes. However, persistence of memory for scenes that intruded was preserved relative to memory for scenes that did not intrude, pointing to a mechanism through which negative intrusive memories persist over time. Implications for memory modification interventions in trauma-related psychopathology are discussed.
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- Pan, Yafeng, et al.
(författare)
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Social safety learning : Shared safety abolishes the recovery of learned threat
- 2020
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans, like other social animals, learn about threats and safety in the environment through social cues. Yet, the processes that contribute to the efficacy of social safety learning during threat transmission remain unknown. Here, we developed a novel dyadic model of associative threat and extinction learning. In three separate social groups, we manipulated whether safety information during extinction was acquired via direct exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the presence of another individual (Direct exposure), via observation of other's safety behavior (Vicarious exposure), or via the combination of both (Shared exposure).These groups were contrasted against a fourth group receiving direct CS exposure alone (Asocial exposure). Based on skin conductance responses, we observed that all social groups outperformed asocial learning in inhibiting the recovery of threat, but only Shared exposure abolished threat recovery. These results suggest that social safety learning is optimized by a combination of direct exposure and vicariously transmitted safety signals. This work might help develop exposure therapies used to treat symptoms of threat and anxiety-related disorders to counteract maladaptive fears in humans.
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