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- Andersson, Peter
(författare)
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"Jag är en riktig människa". Original och avvikare mellan stad och landsbygd i det sena 1800-talets Sydsverige
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 81:1, s. 11-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article sets out to study the ways in which reactions and adaptations to modernity and societal change among non-elite communities in late nineteenth-century Sweden are visible in contemporary attitudes to social deviants and nonconformists. In Swedish provincial cultures, narratives about local characters in the oral tradition played a significant part in regional identity formation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Swedish local characters, commonly termed 'originals', and the oral traditions connected with them have much in common with tales of local characters in other countries, as well as the interest in 'eccentrics' in the urban cultures of the early nineteenth century, as studied by Miranda Gill and James Gregory. The present investigation makes use of stories held in a folklore archive in the south of Sweden which were collected in the early twentieth century, and which shed light on the mental and identity processes inherent in rural and urban social communities in the late nineteenth century. By looking at the personal characteristics the community noted and how the anecdotes took shape, it is possible to conclude that deviants were instrumental in creating localized identities, but should not be thought to be mere foils to a normal identity, but active constituents in the constant renegotiation of collective identities in response to encroaching modernity. The interest in local characters was therefore not a sign of growing individualism, but of an ambivalence about social change. He or she, in his or her old-fashioned way of life, general uncleanliness, and uncouth language, was made to represent the unmodern and could be used as a scapegoat when explaining the outmoded ways of the village, but also as a mascot, asserting a certain pride in a local identity. However, comparing the local characters in Swedish towns and cities with their rural counterparts, it is apparent that the coarse and dialectal mentality and humour of the provincial narratives thrive in the urban context too. This is an indication that even at the turn of the twentieth century, despite processes of modernization, local popular cultures in Sweden in both town and country were still pervaded by pre-modern rural sentiments, a point that has hitherto been neglected in the far too teleological portrayal of the history of the modern West.
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- Blennow, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Roma Antigua et moderna : The guidebook as a genre through the centuries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 81:2, s. 90-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the premises and preliminary results of the project "Topos and Topography: Rome as the guidebook city", in relation to the panel discussion on premodernity which took place at Svenska historikermotet (2014). The objectives of the project are to trace the origins and development of the guidebook genre, focusing on the city of Rome, and to define the elements, functions and strategies that shape the identities of the guidebook author, the traveller and the place itself. The wide range of material examined (guidebooks as well as ancient and medieval material such as inscriptions, geographical maps, pilgrim itineraries, liturgical guides and martyr calendars) invite a diachronic and interdisciplinary approach. This article deals with three of the seven sub-projects which constitute "Topos and Topography" and demonstrate different approaches to the problematic terminology of "premodern" and "modern". The manuscript no. 326 (8th-9th century) in the Einsiedeln monastery, Switzerland, is to be regarded as one of the most important "proto-guide-books" of the Middle Ages. It contains ten itineraries through Rome, with monuments as landmarks along the way, a collection of Latin inscriptions, and a description of the city walls. Fioravante Martinelli's Roma ricercata nel suo sito (1644) was published in at least thirty editions during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This success resulted from its publication together with two accounts of the organization and rites of the papal court, thus meeting the need of foreign travellers to acquire social, historical and artistic knowledge about Rome. The two-volume work Rom. En vandring genom seklerna (part I 1912, part II 1914, parts I-II 1923) by Henrik Schack, was successful and influential in Sweden, with an impact on the "popular" understanding of Roman topography and cultural history. Its popularity led to the commission of a new edition after the war (part I 1949, part II 1956). This new edition, revised by Erik Sjoqvist (part I) and Sjoqvist in collaboration with Torgil Magnuson (part II) is studied in relation to Schack's original. These three examples show how the primary function of guiding in guidebook material manifests itself in different ways in a genre that has developed over a remarkably long period. The guidebooks analysed in the article reveal how textual elements and functions are essentially the same today as in "premodern" periods. It is rather the motives, conditions, logistics and possibilities of travel that change over time. The project thus illustrates some of the difficulties of applying general concepts like "premodern" to specific case studies.
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