| 1. |
- Arriaga, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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Are the effects of unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 34:5, s. 521-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was conducted to analyze the short‐term effects of violent electronic games, played with or without a virtual reality (VR) device, on the instigation of aggressive behavior. Physiological arousal (heart rate (HR)), priming of aggressive thoughts, and state hostility were also measured to test their possible mediation on the relationship between playing the violent game (VG) and aggression. The participants—148 undergraduate students—were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: two groups played a violent computer game (Unreal Tournament), and the other two a non‐violent game (Motocross Madness), half with a VR device and the remaining participants on the computer screen. In order to assess the game effects the following instruments were used: a BIOPAC System MP100 to measure HR, an Emotional Stroop task to analyze the priming of aggressive and fear thoughts, a self‐report State Hostility Scale to measure hostility, and a competitive reaction‐time task to assess aggressive behavior. The main results indicated that the violent computer game had effects on state hostility and aggression. Although no significant mediation effect could be detected, regression analyses showed an indirect effect of state hostility between playing a VG and aggression.
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| 2. |
- Arriaga, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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Violent computer games and their effects on state hostility and psychophysiological arousal
- 2006
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 32:2, s. 146-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self-report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre-tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility, and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Lars R., et al.
(författare)
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Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age-limited registered criminal behavior : a 30-year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 35:2, s. 164-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school-grade cohort of children in a middle-size Swedish city (n∼1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life-course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there are very few women on a persistent offending-trajectory. Focusing on precursors to as well as consequences of offending as indexed in official registers, our results indicate that individuals in the persistent offender group have the most pronounced adjustment problems in school- as well as in middle age. Individual characteristics and behaviors (e.g., aggression, hyperactivity, antisocial behavior) vary systematically between individuals with different developmental offending patterns. The combination of an unstable upbringing and own antisocial behavior seems to be especially predictive for criminality. For persistent offenders, the prevalence of alcohol and psychiatric problems at adult age is high for males and extremely high for females (nine out of ten and six out of ten for each of the two problem types for females). Further, the importance for adjustment of the two-dimensional variation in the number of crimes committed during adolescence and adult age seems to have been surprisingly well captured by the “crude” division into the four offender groups that were used.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 35:6, s. 437-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9-10 years (N=1,241) and 11-14 years (N=874). Reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors were rated by parents. The stability in reactive aggression was due to genetic and nonshared environmental influences, whereas the continuity in proactive aggression was primarily genetically mediated. Change in both reactive and proactive aggression between the two occasions was mainly explained by nonshared environmental influences, although some evidence for new genetic variance at the second occasion was found for both forms of aggression. These results suggest that proactive and reactive aggression differ in their genetic and environmental stability, and provide further evidence for some distinction between reactive and proactive forms of aggression.
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| 7. |
- Åslund, Cecilia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Social status and shaming experiences related to adolescent overt aggression at school
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 35:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feelings of rejection and humiliation in interpersonal interaction are strongly related to aggressive behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between social status, shaming experiences, gender and adolescent aggressive behavior by using a status-shaming model. A population-based sample of 5396 adolescents aged from 15 to 18 completed a questionnaire which asked questions regarding psychosocial background, shaming experiences, social status of family, peer group and school, and involvement in physical or verbal aggression at school. Shaming experiences, i.e. being ridiculed or humiliated by others, were strongly related to aggressive behavior. Social status and shaming were related in the prediction of aggressive behavior, suggesting that a person’s social status may influence the risk for taking aggressive action when subjected to shaming experiences. Medium social status seemed to have a protective function in the association between shaming experiences and aggression. The study confirms the importance of further evaluation of the role of perceived social status and shaming experiences in the understanding of aggressive behavior. Moreover, the results indicate the need for different kinds of status measures when investigating associations between status and behavior in adolescent populations. The results may have important implications for the prevention of bullying at school as well as other deviant aggressive behavior among adolescents.
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