| 1. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Centrosomal Abnormalities in Pancreatic Cancer : Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:3, s. 1241-1245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in human cells. It regulates normal cell-cycle progression and cell division. Aberrations in the number, structure and function of centrosomes have been found to drive genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Pancreatic cancer frequently displays centrosomal aberrations. Supernumerary and abnormal centrosomes are observed in the earliest stages of pancreatic tumor development, and the p53 pathway acts as an initial barrier to the proliferation of cells with extra centrosomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of centrosomal aberrations in pancreatic cancer, focusing on regulatory mechanisms and prospects for future anticancer treatment.
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| 2. |
- Asciutto, Katrin Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of high-risk HPV in postmenopausal women with benign cervical cytology - A population-based cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:7, s. 4221-4228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare the clinical performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) mRNA and DNA assays in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 5,925 postmenopausal women were tested with cytology and the Luminex HPV DNA assay. High risk-HPV-positive women with benign cytology underwent a complimentary HPV mRNA assay (APTIMA). Both assays and the cytological testing were repeated after 12 months. Results: A total of 334 women were found to be high-risk HPV-positive; 272 out of these women met the inclusion criteria. At follow-up, 25 (9.2%) out of the 272 included women had cytological abnormalities. HPV mRNA assay at follow-up had a sensitivity of 84% (95% confidence interval=63.9-95.4%) and a specificity of 60.2% (95% confidence interval=53.7-66.3%; p=0.0003) to detect these lesions. Corresponding values for the HPV DNA assay were 88% (95% confidence interval=68.8-97.4%) and 43.5% (95% confidence interval=37.2-49.4%). Conclusion: The HPV mRNA assay offers a comparable sensitivity but a higher specificity than the HPV DNA assay in detecting precancerous cervical lesions.
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| 5. |
- Ganesh, Divya, et al.
(författare)
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Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders and Cancer Transformation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:6, s. 3223-3229
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer in the oral cavity is often preceded by precursor lesions. Nine oral mucosal disorders are known to have an increased risk of malignant transformation. The etiology varies from disorders caused by exogenous factors such as tobacco and autoimmune inflammation to idiopathic or inherited genetic aberrations. In this review, these potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are described regarding clinical presentation and histopathological architecture. Special attention is paid to the underlying etiologies of PMDs and the potential pathways leading to cancer. The clinical perspective focuses on the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Jinan, et al.
(författare)
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A panel of biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer using urine samples
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:3, s. 1471-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis using patient urine samples represents a non-invasive and more convenient method than the conventional biopsy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study intended to identify a biomarker panel to distinguish PCa from benign prostate using urine samples. Materials and Methods: We identified six biomarkers with differential gene expression in 154 PCa and benign prostate specimens. We then determined mRNA expression signature and the diagnostic performance of the 6-biomarker panel in 156 urine samples from patients with PCa and benign disease. Results: The 6-biomarker panel distinguished PCa from benign prostate cases with sensitivity of 80.6%, specificity of 62.9% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.803 (p<0.0001), whereas serum PSA at 4 ng/ml cutoff had sensitivity of 95.5%, specificity of 20.2% and AUC of 0.521 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The 6-biomarker panel for use in urine samples was able to distinguish PCa from benign prostate with higher specificity and accuracy than PSA and may be useful in clinical settings.
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| 7. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Manganese inhibits viability of prostate cancer cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:1, s. 137-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Androgen deprivation therapy is usually in the initial phase a successful treatment for prostate cancer but eventually most patients develop androgen-independent metastatic disease. This study investigated if manganese (Mn) reduces viability of prostate cancer via induction of apoptosis. Materials and Methods: The prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP underwent dose- and time-dependent screening of viability, analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry was used for the cell-cycle and apoptosis analyses. Intracellular Mn concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: At Mn concentrations of 200-1000 µM, the effect on viability was most pronounced in PC3 followed by LNCaP cells. These cell lines also showed higher intracellular concentration of Mn compared to DU145. In all cell lines, Mn increased the proportion of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating Mn as a potential agent in prostate cancer therapy.
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| 10. |
- Koyi, Hirsh, et al.
(författare)
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Co-localisation of Glandular and Squamous Cell Markers in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:6, s. 3341-3346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Accurate classification of lung carcinomas is crucial for selecting appropriate and adequate chemotherapy treatment. In this study, glandular (adenocarcinoma), and squamous cell differentiation were examined in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) without obvious light-microscopic signs of squamous and glandular differentiation. Materials and Methods: All lung tumours diagnosed as NSCLC (n=61), without obvious squamous or glandular features, were obtained by bronchial biopsy or core biopsy supported by computed tomography. They were diagnosed during 1996-2009, at the Department of Pathology, Gavle Hospital, Sweden. The tumours were examined immunohistochemically with antibodies against CK5/6, p63 (squamous cell markers) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (adenocarcinoma cell marker). Double immunostaining (p63/CEA) was also performed on individual tumours. Results: The tumours originated from 36 males and 25 females, aged 54-83 years. Pure squamous cell differentiation (CK5/6 positive only) occurred in 34.4% (n=21) tumours and pure adenocarcinoma cell differentiation (CEA positive only) was present in 14.9% (n=9). Tumours with both squamous and adenocarcinoma features (CK5/6 and CEA positive) were most prevalent (47.5%, n=29). Two tumours (3.3%) were negative with both stains (and also synaptophysin negative). Double immunostaining (p63/CEA) revealed that squamous and adenocarcinoma markers were co-localised in cells in certain tumours. Conclusion: Co-localisation of squamous and adenocarcinoma markers in the same tumour cell suggests that additional analyses for novel biomarkers of specific lung cancer types may subsequently lead to a refined treatment choice for patients with the goal of improving clinical outcomes.
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