| 11. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional persistence through gradual adaptation: analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 450-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems.
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| 12. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Institutional persistence through gradual organizational adaptation : Analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 450-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems.
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
-
Framing the public : The policy process around xenotransplantation in Latvia and Sweden from 1970 to 2004
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:8, s. 629-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial debate is under way concerning the public's participation in biotechnology decision-making processes. This study, concerning the policy process around xenotransplantation (XTP) in Latvia and Sweden in the period 1970–2004, focuses on how scientific experts and politicians view the public and the public's participation in the process of developing policy regarding XTP. Drawing on interviews with actors involved in XTP in each country, we analyse and explain the inclusion and exclusion of publics in policy decision-making processes. In particular, we highlight the significance of the role of scientists and politicians in generating discourses which exclude the public from participation in policy decision-making.
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| 14. |
- Hillman, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering sustainable technologies : A framework for analysing the governance of innovation systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Beech Tree Publishing. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:5, s. 403-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals related to sustainability. Yet, there are few systematic studies mapping out what types of governance are deployed and how they influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technological innovations. This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of governance in innovation systems aimed towards sustainability. The framework is based on the literatures on governance, technological innovation systems and socio-technical transitions. We foresee empirical studies based on the framework that may serve as a needed input into governance processes. © Beech Tree Publishing 2011.
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| 15. |
- Jacob, Merle, et al.
(författare)
-
The persistence of big science and megascience in research and innovation policy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 411-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This special section of an issue of Science and Public Policy grew out of an interest in following the politics of the European Spallation Source (ESS) Facility at Lund, Sweden. The ESS spectacle provided a platform from which to review different research infrastructure projects and to place them in the context of science policy as a whole. Large-scale research infrastructure investments are often very visible and controversial science policy investments. This group of five papers provides insights into the persistence of these types of investments in an era where cost efficiency and the contribution of science to innovation and economic development appear to be the dominant rationale for investment.
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| 16. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying, explaining and improving the effects of academic R&D: The case of nanotechnology in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 39:4, s. 513-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly believed that the academic sector does not generate enough value for society. This value is often measured in terms of new firms, patents and products, leading to policy responses which aim to enhance 'commercialisation' by academics. However, others maintain that academic research generates benefits in many ways, some of which are difficult to measure, and that policy must look beyond the academic sector to find ways of improving the impact of academic R & D. Applying a new version of the 'technological innovation system' framework to nanotechnology in Sweden, we find a rich pattern of impact, including substantial 'commercialisation'. However, the effect of academic activities is constrained by factors exogenous to academia, in particular a lack of knowledge about environmental and health risks, institutional and market uncertainties, poorly coordinated policies and insufficient access to innovation-related capital. Policy-makers seeking to improve the impact of academic R & D should help to resolve these issues. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
The many ways of academic researchers : How is science made useful?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 41:5, s. 641-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In assessing the performance of academic research, there is a growing interest in combining excellence with impact criteria. A frequently encountered belief is that impact should be understood in terms of new firms and patents. Others argue that academic R&D generates impacts that greatly exceed such commercialization efforts by academic researchers. The tension between these two beliefs reveals a risk that the criteria for assessing the impact of academic R&D, including criteria for allocating performance-based funding, may neglect vital aspects of how science is made useful. With insights gained from a comprehensive analysis of a wellreputed academic body, Chalmers Energy Initiative, we address this risk with the aim of contributing to the eventual design of an evidence-based science policy with appropriate evaluation routines.
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| 18. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
The many ways of academic researchers - how science is made useful at a University of Technology
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 41:5, s. 641-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In assessing the performance of academic research, there is a growing interest in combining excellence with impact criteria. A frequently encountered belief is that impact should be understood in terms of new firms and patents. Others argue that academic R&D generates impacts that greatly exceed such commercialization efforts by academic researchers. The tension between these two beliefs reveals a risk that the criteria for assessing the impact of academic R&D, including criteria for allocating performance-based funding, may neglect vital aspects of how science is made useful. With insights gained from a comprehensive analysis of a well-reputed academic body, Chalmers Energy Initiative, we address this risk with the aim of contributing to the eventual design of an evidence-based science policy with appropriate evaluation routines.
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| 19. |
- Lövbrand, Eva
(författare)
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Co-producing European climate science and policy. : A cautionary note on the making of useful science
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Beech Tree Publishing. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:3, s. 225-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the tight coupling between European climate science and policy. Drawing upon the analytical idiom of co-production it examines how knowledge-making practices are incorporated into European climate policy-making, and more importantly, how EU climate policy has influenced the funding, making and interpretation of useful European climate policy research. The paper identifies a tension between the critical/reflexive ambition built into the co-production idiom, and the more utilitarian interpretation of the term. Whereas the former sets out to expose and interrogate the ontological assumptions underpinning public policy, the latter seeks to be useful by responding to the knowledge needs of societal decision-makers. This tension is analysed through a case study of the integrated research project ADAM funded under the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union.
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| 20. |
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