| 1. |
- Frisk, J., et al.
(författare)
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Exercise and smoking habits among Swedish postmenopausal women
- 1997
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 31:3, s. 217-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess exercise habits and their relation to smoking habits and social and medical factors in postmenopausal women.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a questionnaire to all 1324 55-56 year old women in Linkoping, Sweden.Results: Response rate was 85%. About a third of the women took part in some kind of quite strenuous exercise for at least one hour a week. About a quarter worked out once a week; fewer did swimming and jogging. One in four women smoked. Women who used hormone replacement therapy, who were not smoking and who had a physically light occupation more often took part in strenuous sports. Women who had been treated for malignancies or with back problems exercised to the same extent as women in the general population.Conclusion: About a third of the post-menopausal women exercised on a regular basis, if exercise involved in getting to and ti om work was not counted. Since regular physical exercise has many health benefits, more women should be encouraged to take part in regular physical exercise. Factors probably associated with level of education and general awareness of the importance of a healthy Lifestyle positively influenced the likelihood of these women to be physically active on a regular basis. A previous malignant disease or current back problems did not prevent women from taking part in exercise on a regular basis.
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| 2. |
- Pintsaar, A., et al.
(författare)
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Postural corrections after standardised perturbations of single limb stance : effect of training and orthotic devices in patients with ankle instability.
- 1996
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 30:2, s. 151-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Soccer players with functional instability of the ankle joint have shown impairment of postural control in single limb stance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of stance perturbation.Methods: A standardised method for the study of postural corrections after perturbation (Equitest) was used. Female soccer players with and without functional instability were examined.Results: The subjects showed a relative change from ankle to hip synergy at medially directed translations of the support surface. This impairment was restored after eight weeks of ankle disk training. The effect of a shoe and brace did not exceed the effect of the shoe alone.Conclusions: Functional instability seems to be related to impaired ability to retain equilibrium in single limb stance by means of ankle corrections. A positive effect of ankle disk training leading to functional restoration was confirmed.
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| 3. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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Concussion among Swedish elite ice hockey players
- 1996
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 30:3, s. 251-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of concussion in Swedish ice hockey and to establish a uniform grading and treatment model for concussions of different severity. METHODS: Frequency of concussion was investigated in two studies, one retrospective and one prospective. In the retrospective study, all Swedish elite ice hockey players (n = 265) were asked to answer a questionnaire on the number and treatment of previous concussions. Only concussions diagnosed by a doctor were recorded. The questionnaire was completed by 227 players (86%). In the prospective study, all injuries including concussions occurring during game and practice in the Swedish Elite League (n = 12 teams) were recorded during four years. The causes of injury, referees judgements, diagnosis, treatment, and time absent from ice hockey were registered on special cards. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, 51 out of 227 players (22%) in the Swedish Elite League reported at least one concussion. In the prospective study, 52 concussions were reported. The incidence of a concussion is at least one concussion every year/team or a yearly risk of about 5% for a player to sustain a concussion. Most concussions occurred during league play (81%). Body contact (checking or boarding) was the most common cause of concussions. The players were absent from full training and play on a mean of 6 d. CONCLUSIONS: As this injury is potentially dangerous it must be treated seriously according to a simple treatment model presented. In cases of repeated concussions during the same season, a longer period of time away from play is suggested. In players who have sustained several concussions over the years a thorough medical examination including EEG, CT/MRI, and neuropsychological tests should be performed. If any of these is pathological the player should be advised to give up ice hockey.
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| 4. |
- Tropp, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Power output for wheelchair driving on a treadmill compared with arm crank ergometry
- 1997
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 31:1, s. 41-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The limiting factors with regard to power output available for wheelchair ambulation have not been identified. The aim of the present study was to correlate power output during wheelchair driving with (i) power output and oxygen uptake during arm crank ergometry and (ii) arm muscle strength.METHODS: Eleven disabled men were examined for maximal power output (POmax) during wheelchair driving on a treadmill and during arm crank ergometry. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was recorded at submaximal and maximal arm crank ergometry in all men and during submaximal wheelchair driving on a treadmill in four men. Power output during wheelchair driving on a treadmill was measured. Static and dynamic elbow muscle strength was measured isokinetically.RESULTS: POmax was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for wheelchair driving (109 (31) W; mean (SD)) than for arm ergometry (163 (49) W). There was a significant correlation between POmax for arm crank ergometry and wheelchair driving (r = 0.73). There was no correlation between POmax and elbow strength. The mechanical efficiency was constant for the different levels on the arm crank ergometry test. The submaximal testing showed a consistently lower mechanical efficiency for wheelchair driving than for arm crank ergometry.CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the lower level of power output for wheelchair driving is fully explained by the lower mechanical efficiency. Any improvement in power output available for ambulation must be based on wheelchair ergonomics.
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