| 1. |
- Alfredson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
A treatment algorithm for managing Achilles tendinopathy : new treatment options.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 41:4, s. 211-216
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achilles tendinopathy affects athletes, recreational exercisers and even inactive people. The pathology is not inflammatory; it is a failed healing response. The source of pain in tendinopathy could be related to the neurovascular ingrowth seen in the tendon's response to injury. The treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is primarily conservative with an array of effective treatment options now available to the primary care practitioner. If conservative treatment is not successful, then surgery relieves pain in the majority of cases. Directing a patient through the algorithm presented here will maximise positive treatment outcomes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alfredson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
No normalisation of the tendon structure and thickness after intratendinous surgery for chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinosis.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 43:12, s. 948-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To characterise Achilles tendon structure and thickness a minimum of 8 years after intra-tendinous surgery. Material and METHODS: Fourteen patients (16 tendons; 9 men and 5 women, mean age 43 years, range 27-55) surgically treated (intra-tendinous surgery) for chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinosis, were followed with clinical examination and grey-scale ultrasonography for a minimum of 8 years (range 8-16 years, mean 13 years). RESULTS: All patients were satisfied with the result of surgery and were active in Achilles tendon loading activities without restrictions. In all operated tendons, structural abnormalities remained and tendons remained thicker than normal tendons. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of tendinosis is associated with persistent structural abnormalities and thickening of the tendon 13 years after surgery, despite successful clinical outcomes.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Beaven, Christopher, 1977-
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players
- 2006
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 40, s. 260-263-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of four interventions on the rate and magnitude of muscle damage recovery, as measured by creatine kinase (CK).Methods: 23 elite male rugby players were monitored transdermally before, immediately after, 36 hours after, and 84 hours after competitive rugby matches. Players were randomly assigned to complete one of four post-match strategies: contrast water therapy (CWT), compression garment (GAR), low intensity active exercise (ACT), and passive recovery (PAS).Results: Significant increases in CK activity in transdermal exudate were observed as a result of the rugby match (p<0.01). The magnitude of recovery in the PAS intervention was significantly worse than in the ACT, CWT, and GAR interventions at the 36 and 84 hour time points (p<0.05).Conclusions: An enhanced rate and magnitude of recovery was observed in the ACT, CWT, and GAR treatment groups when compared with the PAS group. Low impact exercise immediately post-competition, wearing compression garments, or carrying out contrast water therapy enhanced CK clearance more than passive recovery in young male athletes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Beaven, Christopher, 1977-
(författare)
-
The relationship between changes in interstitial creatine kinase and game-related impacts in rugby union
- 2008
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 42:3, s. 198-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pre-game to post-game changes in creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) and impact-related game statistics in elite rugby union players.Methods: Twenty-three elite male rugby union players each provided interstitial fluid samples obtained via electrosonophoresis (ESoP) 210 min before and within a maximum time of 30 min after up to five rugby union games. Specific game statistics that were deemed to be important in determining the relationship between impact and [CK] were obtained from AnalyRugby software for each individual player. Regression equations to predict [CK] from game statistics were created using a backwards random-effects maximum likelihood regression.Results: The [CK] (mean (SD)) from pre-game to post-game was 926.8 (204.2) IU. Game time and time defending were significantly correlated to [CK] in both the forwards and backs. The predicted [CK] (mean (95% confidence limit)) was 1439.8 (204.9) IU for the forwards and 545.3 (78.0) IU for the backs and was significantly correlated with the actual [CK] (r = 0.69 and r = 0.74).Conclusions: CK increased from pre-game to post-game in a position-specific manner. A large proportion of the [CK] can be explained by physical impact and thus can be predicted using a prescribed number of game statistics. As the [CK] is an indicator of muscle damage, the prediction of [CK] provides a theoretical basis for recovery strategies and adjustment of subsequent training sessions after rugby union games.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bjur, Dennis, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Presence of the neuropeptide Y 1 receptor in tenocytes and blood vessel walls in the human Achilles tendon
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 43:13, s. 1136-1142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are still questions concerning the mechanisms of development of chronic pain and impaired function of tendons (tendinosis). Aspects that are known to occur are cell proliferation, angiogenesis and altered blood flow regulation. Neuropeptide NPY (NPY) is widely distributed in the body and has powerful effects in relation to these processes. NPY has its effects via the G-protein-coupled Y receptors. There is no information concerning the presence or absence of NPY receptors in Achilles tendons or other tendons.Objective: To clarify the expression patterns of the NPY receptors Y1 and Y2 in normal and tendinosis Achilles tendons of man.Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used. Examination on NPY was carried out in parallel.Results: The tenocytes showed strong immunoreactions for the Y1 receptor. The immunoreactions were more intense in the tenocytes of the tendinosis tendons than in those of the non-tendinosis tendons. The rounded/oval tenocytes typically seen in tendinosis tendons exhibited marked Y1 receptor reactions on their exterior. Pronounced Y1 reactions were seen in the smooth muscle of the arterioles of both tendinosis and non-tendinosis tendons. No reactions for the Y2 receptor were noted. NPY was detected in nerve fascicles and in the perivascular innervation.Conclusions: The present study shows that there is a morphologic correlate for the occurrence of pronounced NPY effects via the Y1 receptor in both tenocytes, this especially being a fact for tendinosis tendons, and blood vessel walls in the Achilles tendon. The findings are of particular interest as NPY is known to have proliferative, angiogenic and blood vessel regulating effects. The effects of targeting the Y1 receptor in tendinosis is an interesting task to be further evaluated.
|
|
| 8. |
- Burke, L M, et al.
(författare)
-
BJSM reviews : A-Z of nutritional supplements
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 43:14, s. 1088-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men : 35 year follow-up of population based cohort
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 338, s. b688-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine how change in level of physical activity after middle age influences mortality and to compare it with the effect of smoking cessation.Design: Population based cohort study with follow-up over 35 years.Setting: Municipality of Uppsala, Sweden.Participants: 2205 men aged 50 in 1970-3 who were reexamined at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 years.Main Outcome Measure: Total (all cause) mortality.Results: The absolute mortality rate was 27.1, 23.6, and 18.4 per 1000 person years in the groups with low, medium, and high physical activity, respectively. The relative rate reduction attributable to high physical activity was 32% for low and 22% for medium physical activity. Men who increased their physical activity level between the ages of 50 and 60 continued to have a higher mortality rate during the first five years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.27, compared with unchanged high physical activity). After 10 years of follow-up their increased physical activity was associated with reduced mortality to the level of men with unchanged high physical activity (1.10, 0.87 to 1.38). The reduction in mortality associated with increased physical activity (0.51, 0.26 to 0.97, compared with unchanged low physical activity) was similar to that associated with smoking cessation (0.64, 0.53 to 0.78, compared with continued smoking).Conclusions: Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity. This reduction is comparable with that associated with smoking cessation
|
|
| 10. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men : 35 year follow-up of population based cohort
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 43:7, s. 482-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine how change in level of physical activity after middle age influences mortality and to compare it with the effect of smoking cessation. DESIGN: Population based cohort study with follow-up over 35 years. SETTING: Municipality of Uppsala, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 2205 men aged 50 in 1970-3 who were re-examined at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Total (all cause) mortality. RESULTS: The absolute mortality rate was 27.1, 23.6, and 18.4 per 1000 person years in the groups with low, medium, and high physical activity, respectively. The relative rate reduction attributable to high physical activity was 32% for low and 22% for medium physical activity. Men who increased their physical activity level between the ages of 50 and 60 continued to have a higher mortality rate during the first five years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.27, compared with unchanged high physical activity). After 10 years of follow-up their increased physical activity was associated with reduced mortality to the level of men with unchanged high physical activity (1.10, 0.87 to 1.38). The reduction in mortality associated with increased physical activity (0.51, 0.26 to 0.97, compared with unchanged low physical activity) was similar to that associated with smoking cessation (0.64, 0.53 to 0.78, compared with continued smoking). CONCLUSIONS: Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity. This reduction is comparable with that associated with smoking cessation.
|
|
