| 1. |
- Ekenman, I, et al.
(författare)
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The role of biomechanical shoe orthoses in tibial stress fracture prevention
- 2002
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 30:6, s. 866-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomechanical orthoses have been shown to lower stress fracture incidence in infantry recruits. However, these results may not be applicable to running athletes.HypothesisTraining in either running shoes or military boots with custom biomechanical shoe orthoses lessens tibial bone strains and strain rates during walking and running.Study DesignRandomized controlled laboratory study.MethodsIn vivo strain measurements were made in nine subjects to determine whether the use of biomechanical orthoses lowers tibial strains during both walking and running and whether such lowering depends on the type of shoe worn. Measurements were made during treadmill walking at 5 km/hr and then during serial 2-km treadmill runs at 13 km/hr with running shoes, with and without the orthoses, and during serial 1-km runs with army boots, with and without the orthoses.ResultsWhen soft or semirigid biomechanical orthoses were worn with boots, the tibial peak-to-peak strains were significantly lowered. Soft orthoses also significantly lowered the tension and compression strain rates when worn with boots. During running, semirigid orthoses significantly increased the compression and tension strain rates when worn with boots.ConclusionsThe use of biomechanical orthoses may be warranted for tibial stress fracture prevention during training in which boots are worn and that mostly involves walking, but they are not warranted for activities that primarily involve running or are performed in running shoes.
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| 2. |
- Fahlström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region in elite badminton players.
- 2002
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 30:1, s. 51-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region in elite badminton players. The study group consisted of 66 players in the Swedish elite division (highest level) in badminton, 41 men (mean age, 24.4 years) and 25 women (mean age, 21.9 years). Twenty-one players (32%) reported the occurrence of a disabling painful condition in the Achilles tendon region during the previous 5 years, and 11 players (17%) had an ongoing painful condition. A majority of the painful conditions (12 of 21, or 57%) were described as involving the midportion of the Achilles tendon. The players who had a painful condition reported a significantly higher weekly training load as measured by the number of hours spent in total training, badminton training, and endurance and strength training. There were no differences in age, sex, and body mass index between the players with and without painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region.
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| 3. |
- Forslund, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Improved healing of transected rabbit Achilles tendon after a single injection of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 31:4, s. 555-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Achilles tendon ruptures in humans might be treated more efficiently with the help of a growth factor. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 has been shown to induce formation of tendon-like tissue. Hypothesis: Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 has a positive effect on mechanical parameters for tendon healing in a rabbit model with Achilles tendon transection. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The right Achilles tendon of 40 rabbits was transected without tendon suture. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (10 ╡g) or vehicle control (acetate buffer) was injected locally 2 hours postoperatively. All tendons were tested biomechanically at 8 and 14 days, and treated tendons were histologically and radiographically evaluated at 56 days. Results: At 14 days, both failure load and stiffness of treated tendons were increased by 35%. The treated tendons had significantly larger callus size at 8 and 14 days. Histologic and radiographic examination showed no signs of ossification in the treated tendons after 56 days. Conclusions: A single injection of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 led to a stronger and stiffer tendon callus than that in the controls without inducing bone formation. Clinical Relevance: Similar results from a larger animal model would suggest a possible future use of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 in the treatment of human Achilles tendon ruptures. ⌐ 2003 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.
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| 4. |
- Henriksson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Postural control after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and functional rehabilitation
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 29:3, s. 359-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total sagittal knee laxity and postural control in the sagittal and frontal planes were measured in 25 patients at a mean of 36 months (range, 27 to 44) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and in a control group consisting of 20 uninjured age- and activity-matched subjects. Body sway was measured in the sagittal plane on a stable and on a sway-referenced force plate in single-legged stance, double-legged stance, or both, with the eyes open and closed. Postural reactions to perturbations in the sagittal and frontal planes were recorded in the single-legged stance with the eyes open. Total sagittal plane laxity was significantly greater in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee (11.2 mm, range, 6 to 15) than in the uninjured knee (8.9 mm, range, 6 to 12) or in the control group (6.0 mm, range, 5 to 8). In spite of this, the patients, in comparison with the controls, exhibited normal postural control except in two variables - the reaction time and the latency between the start of force movement to maximal sway in the sagittal plane perturbations. This supports the hypothesis that rehabilitation, with proprioceptive and agility training, is an important component in restoring the functional stability in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee.
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| 5. |
- Jacobson, E, et al.
(författare)
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Knee arthroscopy with the use of local anesthesia--an increased risk for repeat arthroscopy? A prospective, randomized study with a six-month follow-up
- 2002
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 30:1, s. 61-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there have been many reports of good results when local anesthesia is used with knee arthroscopy, it is not used as a standard anesthetic. Concerns about local anesthesia include the fear of prolonged surgery, which could result in inadequate anesthesia, thus causing the patient unnecessary discomfort. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of repeat arthroscopy and the patient satisfaction rate up to 6 months after knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia. In this prospective, randomized study, 400 patients scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were allocated to one of three groups: local anesthesia (200 patients), spinal anesthesia (100 patients), or general anesthesia (100 patients). All enrolled patients were asked to complete a questionnaire 6 months after surgery and all of their medical records were reviewed. No repeat arthroscopies occurred in the spinal and general anesthesia groups and only three occurred in the local anesthesia group, a nonsignificant difference. In only one of these three cases was the clinical course altered by the repeat arthroscopy. There was no difference in the satisfaction rate between the three anesthesia groups. We conclude that the choice of anesthesia does not influence the frequency of repeat arthroscopy, satisfaction with the procedure, or recovery at 6 months after knee arthroscopy.
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| 6. |
- Jonhagen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Sports massage after eccentric exercise
- 2004
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 32:6, s. 1499-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of sports massage is very common in the athletic community. However, only a few studies have shown any therapeutic effect of massage. Hypothesis Sports massage can improve the recovery after eccentric exercise. Study Design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Methods Sixteen subjects performed 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the quadriceps muscle bilaterally. Massage was given to 1 leg, whereas the other leg served as a control. Subjects were treated once daily for 3 days. Maximal strength was tested on a Kin-Com dynamometer, and functional tests were based on 1-leg long jumps. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale. Results There was a marked loss of strength and function of the quadriceps directly after exercise and on the third day after exercise. The massage treatment did not affect the level or duration of pain or the loss of strength or function following exercise. Conclusion Sports massage could not improve the recovery after eccentric exercise.
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| 7. |
- Kartus, J, et al.
(författare)
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A radiographic and histologic evaluation of the patellar tendon after harvesting its central third
- 2000
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 28:2, s. 218-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen consecutive patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the central third of the ipsilateral patellar tendon were included in the study. Serial magnetic resonance images revealed that the donor-site gap in the tendon decreased with time (mean follow-up, 26 months). The thickness was significantly increased compared with the intact contralateral patellar tendon, regardless of when the magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Ultrasonography showed the same findings at a mean follow-up of 26 months. Histologic evaluation of the repair tissue in the central part of the tendon, as well as the tissue in the peripheral part of the patellar tendon at the donor site, revealed a significant increase in cellularity and vascularity as compared with normal control tendons. Thus, 2 years after the harvesting procedure, the patellar tendon displayed significant radiographic and histologic abnormalities. On the basis of these findings, reharvest of the patellar tendon, at least up to 2 years after primary harvest, cannot be recommended.
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| 8. |
- Kvist, Joanna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Sagittal Plane Knee Translation and Electromyographic Activity During Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Patients and Control Subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 29:1, s. 72-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using electrogoniometry and electromyography, we measured tibial translation and muscle activation in 12 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury and in 12 control subjects. Measurements were made during an active extension exercise with 0-, 4-, and 8-kg weights and during squats on two legs and on one leg where the projection of the center of gravity was placed over, behind, and in front the feet. In the uninjured subjects, tibial translation increased with increasing load except during the squat with the center of gravity behind the feet, which produced the smallest translation. For the active extension exercises, translation was greater during eccentric activity. In the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees, all squats resulted in similar translation, which was smaller than that during the active extension exercise. The highest muscle activation was seen during squats. Hamstring muscle activity was low. Increased static laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee can be controlled during closed but not during open kinetic chain exercises. Coactivation of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles seems to be important for knee stability, whereas hamstring muscle coactivation was insignificant. To minimize sagittal translation during nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, closed kinetic chain exercises are preferable to open kinetic chain exercises, and importance should be attached to the spontaneous coactivation of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles.
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| 9. |
- Kvist, Joanna
(författare)
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Sagittal plane translation during level walking in poor-functioning and well-functioning patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 32:5, s. 1250-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency can function well and participate in high-level sports, whereas others have functional limitations even during activities of daily living. Hypothesis: Patients who function well after an anterior cruciate ligament injury can stabilize the knee joint during gait by an anterior positioning of the tibia. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sagittal tibial translation was registered with the CA-4000 electrogoniometer, during the Lachman test and walking, in 20 patients with a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury. Eleven patients functioned well (Lysholm score =84), and 9 patients had poor knee function (Lysholm score <84). Results: During gait, the well-functioning group had 24% greater anterior translation in the injured leg compared to the noninjured leg. In the poor-functioning group, the anterior translation in the injured leg was 16% smaller compared to the noninjured leg (P = .0003). Tibial translation during the Lachman test was similar in the injured leg in the 2 groups. Conclusion: Patients who function well position their tibiae near the anterior border of the joint play. This position may encourage functional stability. Clinical Relevance: Rehabilitation that emphasizes training to stabilize the tibia in an anterior position may improve functional stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee.
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| 10. |
- Messner, Karola, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographic joint space narrowing and histologic changes in a rabbit meniscectomy model of early knee osteoarthrosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 29:2, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare weightbearing radiographs with histologic cartilage evaluation in a rabbit meniscectomy model of the early stage of osteoarthrosis. Fifteen rabbits had a medial meniscectomy performed in one knee and a sham operation in the other knee. Five rabbits each were sacrificed at 13, 25, and 40 weeks after surgery. Radiographic joint space width and histologic cartilage changes of the medial knee compartment were quantified. Five nonoperated knees and five knees in which the meniscus had been removed immediately before the evaluations served as control specimens. Overall, the joint space of the peripheral part of the medial knee compartment was narrower in knees operated on for meniscus removal than in sham-operated knees (P < 0.003). In the knees with the meniscus removed, more cartilage changes were seen at the joint surface area of contact on radiographs than in the sham-operated knees (P < 0.0015). Indeed, the area of contact had cartilage changes similar to those in the whole medial compartment. However, there was no correlation between the degree of histologic cartilage change and the corresponding joint space measurements. Joint space width as measured on weightbearing radiographs is reduced after meniscectomy in the rabbit, but it does not reflect the degree of cartilage damage of the loaded joint surfaces in early stages of osteoarthrosis.
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