| 1. |
- Asplund, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Facial expressions in severely demented patients : a stimulus-response study of four patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type
- 1991
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 6:8, s. 599-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to exhibit facial expressions was studied in four patients with severe dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), by means of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and physiological responses (heart rate, respiration, skin temperature) under pleasant and unpleasant stimulus conditions. Complex facial expressions that could be interpreted as expressions of emotions were not seen. An increase in the number of facial movements and changes in the physiological responses were seen most markedly under the unpleasant stimulus condition. The patients' reactions during the assumed pleasant stimulus conditions indicated comfort. Different reactions were obtained among the patients. The importance of developing further methods to identify and interpret facial movements in nurse-patient relationships is emphasized.
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| 2. |
- Elfgren, C., et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological tests as discriminators between dementia of Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 9:8, s. 635-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether cognitive test performance alone could distinguish patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) from those with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Scores from three neuropsychological tests were used as discriminating variables in 28 cases with postmortem verified diagnoses. The selected tests measured verbal ability, visuospatial ability and verbal memory. Eighty-nine per cent of the sample was correctly classified by discriminant analysis. Evaluating the ability of the obtained discriminant function to differentiate between groups of DAT and FTD in a new, clinically diagnosed sample of 38 cases yielded an overall success rate of 84%. The results suggest that cognitive tests may be helpful for differential diagnosis in the context of a neuropsychiatric examination.
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| 3. |
- Josephsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting everyday activities in Dementia : an intervention study
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 8:5, s. 395-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of an intervention programme designed to support performance in activities of daily living was investigated in four patients with dementia at different levels of severity of impairment. Important features of the programme included that (a) task conditions should be highly supportive, (b) the importance of episodic and semantic memory skills for successful performance should be minimized, (c) an acceptable performance level should be possible to achieve using skills that are relatively well preserved in the disease, and (d) factors related to patients' motivation and habits should be taken into account. Performance gains were evaluated using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills instrument. Results showed intervention-related gains in three patients. One of these patients maintained performance gains when environmental guidance (eg signs) was withdrawn, whereas the other two required environmental guidance in order to exhibit gains. The overall pattern of results suggests that this form of intervention related to everyday functioning in dementia is worthy of further empirical attention.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wimo, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Group living, an alternative for dementia patients : A cost analysis
- 1991
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 6:1, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing number of patients with dementia requires new forms of care management. Group living (GL) is an alternative, and two units were established in Sundsvall, Sweden, in 1984. The patients in GL used institutional care to a significantly lower extent (nursing homes, emergency hospital care, psychiatric care) after admission to GL (p < 0.001). The costs for the Municipality and the County Council changed from £49 to £42/day (p=0.21) and patient during the first six-month period in GL compared to the six-month period prior to GL. If the costs for GL are compared to the costs for nursing home care (£68/day), GL is significantly cheaper (p < 0.05).
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