| 1. |
- Gillies, P., et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of MRS data in the frequency domain using a wavelet filter, an approximated Voigt lineshape model and prior knowledge
- 2006
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 19:5, s. 617-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantification of MRS spectra is a challenging problem when a large baseline is present along with a low signal to noise ratio. This work investigates a robust fitting technique that yields accurate peak areas under these conditions. Using simulated long echo time 1H MRS spectra with low signal to noise ratio and a large baseline component, both the accuracy and reliability of the fit in the frequency domain were greatly improved by reducing the number of fitted parameters and making full use of all the known information concerning the Voigt lineshape. Using an appropriate first order approximation to a popular approximation of the Voigt lineshape, a significant improvement in the estimate of the area of a known spectral peak was obtained with a corresponding reduction in the residual. Furthermore, this improved parameter choice resulted in a large reduction in the number of iterations of the least-squares fitting routine. On the other hand, making use of the known centre frequency differences of the component resonances gave negligible improvement. A wavelet filter was used to remove the baseline component. In addition to performing a Monte Carlo study, these fitting techniques were also applied to a set of 10 spectra acquired from healthy human volunteers.Again, the same reduced parameter model gave the lowest value for X2 in each case.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lätt, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion-weighted MRI measurements on stroke patients reveal water-exchange mechanisms in sub-acute ischaemic lesions.
- 2009
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 22:6, s. 619-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the diffusion time dependence of signal-versus-b curves obtained from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of sub-acute ischaemic lesions in stroke patients. In this case series study, 16 patients with sub-acute ischaemic stroke were examined with DW-MRI using two different diffusion times (60 and 260 ms). Nine of these patients showed sufficiently large lesions without artefacts to merit further analysis. The signal-versus-b curves from the lesions were plotted and analysed using a two-compartment model including compartmental exchange. To validate the model and to aid the interpretation of the estimated model parameters, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. In eight cases, the plotted signal-versus-b curves, obtained from the lesions, showed a signal-curve split-up when data for the two diffusion times were compared, revealing effects of compartmental water exchange. For one of the patients, parametric maps were generated based on the extracted model parameters. These novel observations suggest that water exchange between different water pools is measurable and thus potentially useful for clinical assessment. The information can improve the understanding of the relationship between the DW-MRI signal intensity and the microstructural properties of the lesions. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Nyblom, Hanna K., et al.
(författare)
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Glucose-induced de novo synthesis of fatty acyls causes proportional increases in INS-1E cellular lipids
- 2008
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 21:4, s. 357-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raised concentrations of glucose for extended periods of time have detrimental effects on the insulin-producing P-cell. As de novo synthesis of lipids has been observed under such conditions, it was hypothesized that newly formed lipids may preferentially contain saturated fatty acids, which in particular have been associated with impaired beta-cell function. Glucose-induced de novo synthesis of fatty acids in INS-1E cells cultured in 5.5, 11, 20 or 27 mM glucose for 5 days was assessed by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The glucose origin of the increase in fatty acyls was verified by replacing glucose with [1-C-13]glucose during culture followed by analysis with two-dimensional H-1-C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The composition of the fatty acyls was determined by GC-MS. Fatty acyls determined by HR-MAS H-1 NMR spectroscopy were increased fivefold in INS-1E cells cultured in 20 or 27mM glucose compared with cells cultured in 5.5mM glucose. The five most abundant fatty acids with their relative percentages in INS-1E cells cultured in 5.5 mM glucose were oleate (33%), palmitate (25%), stearate (19%), octadecenoate (13%) and palmitoleate (4.4%). These proportions were not affected by glucose-induced de novo synthesis in INS-1E cells cultured in 11, 20 or 27 mM glucose. It is concluded that glucose-induced de novo lipid synthesis results in accumulation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in specific proportions that are identical with those present under control conditions.
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| 6. |
- Starck, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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k-space analysis of point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) with regard to spurious echoes in in vivo (1)H MRS.
- 2009
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Ingår i: NMR in biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 22:2, s. 137-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spurious echo artefact, not uncommon in (1)H MRS in the brain, comes from refocusing outer volume signal. Application of MRS in small volumes in susceptibility-affected regions often results in large shim gradients. The artefact problem is accentuated when the global effect of the shim gradient shifts the water resonance outside the water suppression band in the outer volume. This scenario brings the issue of spurious echoes once again to the fore. In this paper, spurious signals of the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence are analysed using the concept of k-space. This new approach facilitates a more geometrical view of the problem, well suited for studying the effect of gradient spoiling and refocusing of signal. Several spoiling options are shown, and the probability of the global effects of shimming being a primary cause of the artefact is discussed. Fourier transform analysis of realistic slice profiles, combined with the k-space description of spurious echoes, shows that unsuppressed water signal in outer regions greatly increases the demands on spoiling. Gradient spoiling adequate for artefact suppression at a given size of MRS volume may not be sufficient at a smaller size. Several ways to improve PRESS measurements with regard to suppression of spurious signal are discussed.
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