| 1. |
- Jonauskaite, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 31:10, s. 1245-1260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of us “see red,” “feel blue,” or “turn green with envy.” Are such color-emotion associations fundamental to our shared cognitive architecture, or are they cultural creations learned through our languages and traditions? To answer these questions, we tested emotional associations of colors in 4,598 participants from 30 nations speaking 22 native languages. Participants associated 20 emotion concepts with 12 color terms. Pattern-similarity analyses revealed universal color-emotion associations (average similarity coefficient r =.88). However, local differences were also apparent. A machine-learning algorithm revealed that nation predicted color-emotion associations above and beyond those observed universally. Similarity was greater when nations were linguistically or geographically close. This study highlights robust universal color-emotion associations, further modulated by linguistic and geographic factors. These results pose further theoretical and empirical questions about the affective properties of color and may inform practice in applied domains, such as well-being and design. © The Author(s) 2020.
|
|
| 2. |
- Salvatore, Jessica E., et al.
(författare)
-
Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 31:9, s. 1140-1149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner’s genotype affects another’s outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner’s rearing environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from rearing-environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse’s AUD status, or contact with the spouse’s parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a rearing-environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse’s rearing-environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.
|
|
| 3. |
- Schafmeister, Felix
(författare)
-
The Effect of Replications on Citation Patterns: Evidence From a Large-Scale Reproducibility Project
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1467-9280 .- 0956-7976. ; 32:10, s. 1537-1548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replication of existing research is often referred to as one of the cornerstones of modern science. In this study, I tested whether the publication of independent replication attempts affects the citation patterns of the original studies. Investigating 95 replications conducted in the context of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology, I found little evidence for an adjustment of citation patterns in response to the publication of these independent replication attempts. This finding was robust to the choice of replication criterion, various model specifications, and the composition of the contrast group. I further present some suggestive evidence that shifts in the underlying composition of supporting and disputing citations have likely been small. I conclude with a review of the evidence in favor of the remaining explanations and discuss the potential consequences of these findings for the workings of the scientific process. © The Author(s) 2021.
|
|
| 4. |
- Walter, Kathryn, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries : A Large-Scale Replication
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 31:4, s. 408-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wesseldijk, LW, et al.
(författare)
-
Why Is an Early Start of Training Related to Musical Skills in Adulthood? A Genetically Informative Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychological science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1467-9280 .- 0956-7976. ; 32:1, s. 3-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experts in domains such as music or sports often start training early. It has been suggested that this may reflect a sensitive period in childhood for skill acquisition. However, it could be that familial factors (e.g., genetics) contribute to the association. Here, we examined the effect of age of onset of musical training on musical aptitude and achievement in professional musicians ( n = 310) and twins ( n = 7,786). In line with previous literature, results showed that an earlier age of onset was associated with higher aptitude and achievement in both samples. After we adjusted for lifetime practice hours, age of onset was associated only with aptitude ( p < .001; achievement: p > .14). Twin analyses showed that the association with aptitude was fully explained by familial factors. Thus, these findings provide little support for a sensitive period for music but highlight that familiar factors play an important role for associations between age of onset of training and skills in adulthood.
|
|
