| 1. |
- Lindmark, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Heterozygous, a1-antitrypsin deficiency may be associated with cold urticaria.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 47:5, s. 456-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins of the serpin family (serine protease inhibitor) control key steps in the inflammatory, coagulation and complement systems. C1‐inhibitor deficiency predisposes to hereditary angioneurotic oedema, and other serpins control proteolytic enzymes that may cause complement activation or the forming of oedema. We investigated whether deficiency of proteins of the serpin family may predispose to cold urticaria and therefore screened 7 male patients with severe cold urticaria for the presence of deficieney alleles of some of the members of the serpin antiprotease family. There were no findings of C1‐inhibitor, α1‐antitrypsin, α2‐antiplasmin, antithrombin III, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor or thyroxine binding protein deficiency. The prevalence of heterozygous α1‐antichymotrypsin deficieney was significantly higher than expected (prevalence ratio 25.8 (95% confidence interval 6.0‐112), p< 0.0001). This finding is in concert with previous studies that have shown lower mean levels of α1‐antichymotrypsin among patients with cold urticaria and suggests that heterozygous deficiency of this antiprotease, which controls neutrophil eathepsin G and mast cell chymase may predispose to cold urticaria. The present series is, however, small and the results need confirmation in larger materials.
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| 2. |
- Persson, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosal exudation of plasma is a noninjurious intestinal defense mechanism
- 1993
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 48:8, s. 581-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have demonstrated in sensitized rats that the immediate response to endointestinal challenge with allergen (10(-6) M ovalbumin) is characterized by mucosal exudation of plasma with little or no concomitant change in the mucosal absorption capacity. The luminal entry of plasma macromolecules also leaves the light microscopic structure and the ultrastructure of the mucosa unaffected. It is possible that the plasticity of epithelial zonulae occludens allows a noninjurious and unidirectional paracellular flux of extravasated plasma into the gut lumen. We propose that inflammatory-stimulus-induced mucosal exudation of plasma belongs to the first-line defense mechanisms of the intact lining of the intestine.
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| 3. |
- Hellquist, H. B., et al.
(författare)
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Nasal memory T lymphocytes capable of producing IL-4 in the allergic reaction
- 1992
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - West Sussex, United Kingdom : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 47:4 Pt 1, s. 334-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the presence of memory T cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients. The demonstration of CD4+/CD29+ (CD4+/CD45RO+) T lymphocytes, which are capable of interleukin-4 production, can indicate a complementary cell-mediated regulatory mechanism for mast cell proliferation and IgE synthesis in human nasal allergy. No substantial IgE production can be obtained in the absence of IL-4. Therefore, the existence of IL-4 producing cells on site in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects probably implies a complementary interaction between cytokines and different immunocompetent nasal cells in the regulation of B cells and IgE synthesis.
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| 4. |
- Lundbäck, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Methacholine reactivity and asthma : Report from the Northern Sweden Obstructive Lung Disease Project
- 1993
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 48:2, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methacholine tests were used in an epidemiologic study of the prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis in northern Sweden. Of 6610 subjects in three age groups from eight representative geographic areas in the northernmost province of Sweden, 5698 (86%) completed a postal questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, and 1506 underwent a structured interview and a lung function test. A total of 292 (5%) were diagnosed as having asthma. A subsample of 284 subjects (of 320 invited) classified at the interview as having asthma (n = 98) or as having respiratory symptoms that might be due to asthma but not fulfilling the interview criteria for the diagnosis of asthma (n = 186) underwent a methacholine test. Subjects who, before the interview study, already had a well-defined asthma diagnosis were not invited to the methacholine testing. Of those 98 subjects classified as having asthma, 61% reacted to methacholine doses < or = 4 mg/ml and 79% to doses < or = 8 mg/ml, while the corresponding figures in the symptomatic but nonasthma group were 20% and 34%, respectively. The results show that a carefully performed structured interview accurately diagnoses asthma in epidemiologic studies. The methacholine tests provide important diagnostic information primarily in subjects in whom the medical history is equivocal
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| 5. |
- Carlson, M, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF on normal human eosinophil and neutrophil C3b-induced degranulation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 48:6, s. 437-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The priming effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation was studied. Granulocytes were obtained from normal donors, and degranulation was induced by incubation with serum-opsonized Sephadex particles. The released amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoferrin (LF) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The effect of IL-5 was dose- and time-dependent, with a maximal enhancement of ECP and EPX release of 71% (P < 0.03) and 66% (P < 0.03), respectively. Neutrophil degranulation, however, was unaffected. IL-3 was marginally effective, whereas GM-CSF seemed to act as a secretagogue for both eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation. We conclude that IL-5 selectively primes eosinophil degranulation, whereas IL-3 and GM-CSF seem to act as secretagogues for eosinophils and neutrophils. The results indicate that IL-5 may be involved in the priming of eosinophils as observed in patients with asthma and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES).
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| 6. |
- Willers, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Passive smoking and childhood asthma. Urinary cotinine levels in children with asthma and in referents
- 1991
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Ingår i: Allergy. - 1398-9995. ; 46:5, s. 330-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed in children with asthma (age 3-15) and in referents. There was statistically significantly (P less than 0.0005) higher excretion of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, in the urine of 49 children with asthma (geometric mean 10 ng/ml) compared with 77 referents (4.8 ng/ml). Maternal smoking was statistically significantly more prevalent among the asthmatics than among the referents (relative risk = RR = 2.6, 95% C1 = 1.2-5.3). In conclusion, the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in asthmatic children was higher than among healthy children, indicating that passive smoking may be a predisposing and/or aggravating factor for childhood asthma.
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