| 1. |
- Carlsson, L G, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of cumulative doses of salbutamol administered via Turbuhaler or Diskhaler in patients with reversible airway obstruction
- 1998
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In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 53:7, s. 712-715
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study aimed to estimate the relative dose potency of salbutamol inhaled via Turbuhaler and Diskhaler. The 24 adult patients participating had chronic reversible airway obstruction. The study was of a double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, randomized design. Five doses of salbutamol Turbuhaler, 50, 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg, were given on one study day at intervals of 30 min. On another study day, five doses of salbutamol Diskhaler, 200, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 microg, were given with the same interval. The treatment days were separated by a washout period of at least 24 h. The inhalation technique was standardized and supervised. Efficacy variables were recorded before and after each study dose. The primary efficacy variable was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). When parallel and linear cumulative dose-response curves were statistically compared on a logarithmic scale, the dose potency of salbutamol Turbuhaler vs salbutamol Diskhaler was 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.52-2.54). This study indicates that only half the dose of salbutamol is required via Turbuhaler as via Diskhaler for the same bronchodilating effect.
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| 2. |
- Egesten, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Eosinophil leukocyte degranulation in response to serum-opsonized beads: C5a and platelet-activating factor enhance ECP release, with roles for protein kinases A and C
- 1998
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In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 53:11, s. 1066-1073
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Eosinophils have a typical content of granule-bound, cytotoxic, cationic proteins which may, when released to the external milieu, play roles in diseases such as asthma and parasitic infestation. Therefore, we have investigated possible mechanisms by which their release is regulated in eosinophils. METHODS: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect released eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Release of ECP was induced by serum-opsonized, nonphagocytosable Sephadex beads (SOS). RESULTS: The complement fragment C5a and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were found to enhance ECP release in response to SOS in a dose-dependent fashion, and, contrary to previous reports, they were not found to act as secretagogues themselves on eosinophils in suspension. The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in eosinophil degranulation has been controversial. We found that ECP release induced by SOS was inhibited by the PKC inhibitors staurosporine and calphostin C. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA), by raising cAMP, also inhibited ECP release. Furthermore, pertussis toxin decreased ECP release on opsonized beads, indicating the involvement of pertussis-toxin-sensitive G proteins. CONCLUSIONS: C5a, and PAF enhance granule release, rather than acting as secretagogues themselves. PKC and PKA have opposing roles in the regulation of ECP release in response to SOS.
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| 3. |
- Greiff, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Topical nitroprusside may reduce histamine-induced plasma exudation in human nasal airways
- 1995
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In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 50:7, s. 593-597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mucosal exudation of nonsieved bulk plasma is a key feature of airway defense and inflammation. We have previously observed in guinea pig tracheobronchial airways that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) of the mucosa may tonically suppress the permeability of the subepithelial microcirculation, and that topical administration of the NO donor nitroprusside may reduce plasma exudation responses. The present study examines whether nitroprusside affects histamine-induced mucosal exudation of plasma in the human nasal airway. In a dose-finding tolerability experiment, using changes in nasal patency as response, placebo and nitroprusside (1.2 and 3.6 mg per nasal cavity) were applied on the mucosal surface with a nasal-spray device. Nasal peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates were measured before the application and thereafter every third minute for 15 min. Nitroprusside produced a dose-dependent decrease in nasal PEF rates compared to placebo. Placebo or nitroprusside (7.2 mg) was then given to the right nasal cavity, followed 3 min later by challenge with saline or histamine (600 micrograms). The drug and the challenge were both applied with a nasal-spray device. With a nasal pool-device, the same large part of the nasal mucosal surface was lavaged before and after the treatment/challenge. The lavage fluid levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin were measured as an index of mucosal exudation of bulk plasma. The histamine-induced lavage fluid level of alpha 2-macroglobulin was significantly higher after treatment with placebo than with nitroprusside. The present data indicate that nitroprusside may have antiexudative effects in human airways. Hence, unlike other microvascular permeability active agents, this pharmacologic principle may be active in both guinea pig and human airways.
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| 7. |
- Westin, U., et al.
(author)
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The effect of immediate-hypersensitivity reactions on the level of SLPI, granulocyte elastase, α1-antitrypsin, and albumin in nasal secretions, by the method of unilateral antigen challenge
- 1999
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 54:8, s. 857-864
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of SLPI in patients with allergic rhinitis. From this point of view, we also examined leukocyte elastase, α1-antitrypsin, and albumin. SLPI is an inhibitor of serine proteases such as leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and mast-cell chymase. Since chymase is considered to participate in mast-cell degranulation and histamine release, SLPI might act as a regulator of allergic reactions. Recent interest has been focused on leukocytes and allergy. Since SLPI is a strong inhibitor of leukocyte elastase, we also focused on the function of elastase in allergic rhinitis. Methods: We used the method of nasal lavage after unilateral nasal antigen challenge in atopic and healthy subjects. The ELISA quantified SLPI and elastase. Albumin and α1-antitrypsin were quantified by electroimmunoassay. Gel filtration was used to separate native SLPI from its complex with elastase. Results: There was a higher level of SLPI in lavage fluid from healthy subjects than from atopic patients. SLPI was increased on the contralateral side in atopic subjects after allergen challenge. The absence of increase in SLPI on the challenged side may be attributed to the increase in elastase and its binding to SLPI, which might have an effect on the immunoreactivity and interfere with the ELISA. It may then be assumed that there is an augmentation of SLPI on the challenged side as well. No increase was seen in healthy subjects. There was a higher concentration of elastase, α1-antitrypsin, and albumin before antigen challenge in atopic patients outside the pollen season than in healthy subjects. As expected, an increase was also seen in the challenged side exclusively in atopic subjects. Conclusions: The lower concentration of SLPI in nasal lavage fluid among the atopic patients than the healthy subjects indicates damaged mucosa. Neural reflexes are involved in SLPI release since there was an increase even in the contralateral nostril. A higher level of elastase and albumin before allergen challenge suggests chronic inflammation in nasal mucosa outside the pollen season. Leukocyte recruitment takes place in response to IgE-mediated reactions, which are reflected in an increase in elastase in response to allergen challenge.
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| 8. |
- Egmar, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Deposition of cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), and horse allergen over time in public environments--a model of dispersion
- 1998
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In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 53:10, s. 957-961
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The occurrence and accumulation over time in public environments of cat, dog, and horse allergens was evaluated.METHODS: Concentrations of animal danders were analyzed by ELISA and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE).RESULTS: Among factory-new mattresses, 15/17 contained detectable levels of cat and/or dog allergen, whereas no horse allergen was found although six of the mattresses were stuffed with horsehair. Dust from 15 used mattresses contained significantly higher concentrations of Fe1 d 1 and Can f 1 than the factory-new ones (P < 0.001). Allergen concentrations and titers correlated to the period of time that the mattresses had been tried by customers; rs = 0.52-0.77, P = 0.04-0.001 (cat), rs = 0.38-0.48, P = 0.15-0.08 (dog), and rs = 0.64-0.74, P = 0.008-0.003 (horse). The increase over time occurred rapidly in highly frequented stores and after 3 weeks reached concentrations that have been found in homes where furred pets had formerly been kept or even the lower allergen scale of homes where pets were currently kept.CONCLUSIONS: The dispersion of allergens from furred animals to pet-free public places is likely to occur by deposition from people who have been in direct or indirect contact with pets, and high levels of such allergens seem to accumulate in a short period of time.
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| 9. |
- JOHANSSON, SGO, et al.
(author)
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UNTITLED
- 1995
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In: ALLERGY. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 50:5, s. 383-383
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Johansson, SGO
(author)
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Untitled
- 1997
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In: ALLERGY. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 52:4, s. 359-359
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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