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- Hamberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of marital relationship on the rehabilitation process in a group of women with long-term musculoskeletal disorders.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 25:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative study investigated problems in the rehabilitation of women with long-term, musculoskeletal pain disorders. Data were collected by repeated semi-structured interviews and doctor-patient encounters during two years, and analysed in a gender perspective. The “marriage contract”, i.e. the pattern of division of duties and power structure within the marital relationship, was of obvious importance to the implementation of rehabilitation measures. We explored situations where the rehabilitation measures disagreed with the terms and patterns in the “marriage contract”. The participants' ways of coping with the contract in these delicate situations could be described as three type strategies; accepting the terms, negotiating for new terms, and breaking the contract. The crucial impact of the “marriage contract” and the type strategies on the rehabilitation process are exemplified.
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| 5. |
- Leijon, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Gender trends in sick-listing with musculoskeletal symptoms in a Swedish county during a period of rapid increase in sickness absence
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 0300-8037. ; 26:3, s. 204-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sickness absence and disability pension due to musculoskeletal diagnoses has increased in Sweden.Study objective — To study gender trends in sickness absence with musculoskeletal diagnoses and its changes in 1985—87.Design — A prospective population-based study of all new sick-leave spells exceeding seven days in 1985—87. Sickness absence with "all diagnoses'' was compared to "all musculoskeletal diagnoses'', the latter group was also divided into three sub-groups.Setting — The county of Östergötland, Sweden.Participants — All sick-leave insured aged 16—65; 107,000 women and 100,000 men.Results — More women than men were sick-listed in "all diagnoses'' in 1985. There were corresponding gender differences in sickness absence with musculoskeletal diagnoses except with the diagnosis "low back pain''. Sick-listing with musculoskeletal diagnoses increased for both women and men from 1985 to 1987, but the increase was consistently much higher for women, especially for younger women.
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- Ljungqvist, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Health and social networks as predictors of survival in old age
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 0300-8037. ; 24:2, s. 90-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A random sample of non-institutionalised Swedish elderly (n = 1,062; aged 67+) were interviewed in 1954. All of them are now deceased; their interview data have been completed with dates of death and causes of death. A measure of survival capacity has been used, based on the endured total mortality risk from examination until death, according to life tables from Statistics Sweden. Survival analyses were performed by gender on the whole sample and on a number of sub-samples defined by age, health-status, social class, and marital status at examination. Physical health status and activity patterns had the overall most significant effects on subsequent longevity. Among the youngest elderly mental health was, however, even more important as a predictor of survival than was physical health. The impact of most other factors like social networks, mobility, and religiosity was of less magnitude, but their importance varied among sub-samples. Most of the variation in survival, however, remains unexplained.
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| 7. |
- Lynoe, N, et al.
(författare)
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Research ethics committees: a comparative study of assessment of ethical dilemmas
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 27:2, s. 152-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research ethics committees (REC) constitute an important instrument for the regulation of biomedical research involving human beings. The purposes of this work were to study the ethical reasoning in RECs and to ascertain whether the composition of RECs has any bearing on the decisions subsequently made by them. We used a postal questionnaire, containing authentic cases of research ethical dilemmas, sent to the ten RECs in Sweden (n=124) and to comparison groups consisting of 200 randomly selected medical researchers, 200 randomly selected healthcare politicians and 200 randomly selected district nurses. The average response rate was 68%. A difference was found in how REC members assess a project in comparison with researchers, healthcare politicians and district nurses. Differences depended on the type of project assessed. The study indicates that membership in RECs may exert a normative influence on its members. It is proposed that this investigation should be followed up by a study with a qualitative design.
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| 8. |
- Lynöe, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Research ethics committees : a comparative study of assessment of ethical dilemmas
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 27:2, s. 152-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research ethics committees (REC) constitute an important instrument for the regulation of biomedical research involving human beings. The purposes of this work were to study the ethical reasoning in RECs and to ascertain whether the composition of RECs has any bearing on the decisions subsequently made by them. We used a postal questionnaire, containing authentic cases of research ethical dilemmas, sent to the ten RECs in Sweden (n = 124) and to comparison groups consisting of 200 randomly selected medical researchers, 200 randomly selected healthcare politicians and 200 randomly selected district nurses. The average response rate was 68%. A difference was found in how REC members assess a project in comparison with researchers, healthcare politicians and district nurses. Differences depended on the type of project assessed. The study indicates that membership in RECs may exert a normative influence on its members. It is proposed that this investigation should be followed up by a study with a qualitative design.
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| 9. |
- Malmstrom, M, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of social deprivation as measured by the CNI on psychiatric admissions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 27:3, s. 189-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of social deprivation for psychiatric admissions and its correlation with two different deprivation scores. Care Need Index (CNI) and Townsend scores were calculated at the small area level in Malmö, a city in southern Sweden. Admission rates for all psychiatric inpatients from Malmö aged 20 - 79 years, admitted to the psychiatric and alcohol clinics from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1994, were calculated. The relationship between the CNI and psychiatric admissions was analysed by applying a Poisson regression model. The results are shown as incidence density ratios (IDR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). From the most deprived areas, the first psychiatric admission rate was more than four times higher than in the most affluent areas. The rates of second and third admission were even higher. Admissions to the alcohol clinic were similar to psychiatric admissions, but the most deprived areas had first admission rates about ten times higher than in the most affluent areas. About 27% of first admissions, including patients from both psychiatric and alcohol clinics, had a diagnosis of psychosis, and 43% were substance abusers. There were differences between the patients' diagnoses in different areas. The correlation between the CNI and Townsend scores was very high. The most important finding of this study is the strong correlation between social deprivation, based on different deprivation indices, and first admissions to psychiatric and alcohol clinics.
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| 10. |
- Nordlund, Lars Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Are male and female smokers at equal risk of smoking-related cancer : evidence from a Swedish prospective study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 27:1, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines sex differences in the relative risks of lung cancer and other smoking-related cancers (i.e. cancers of the upper respiratory tract, oesophagus, pancreas, bladder, and renal pelvis). Data on smoking habits in 1963 from a random sample of 56,000 men and women were linked with information on new cases of cancer for 1964-89. Compared with people who have never smoked, the relative risks of lung cancer at different levels of pack-years completed in 1963 (>5, 6-15, 16-25 and 25 + pack-years) were 1.6, 4.4, 14.2, and 17.9 for men, and 2.1, 6.3, 10.3, and 16.5 for women. The corresponding relative risks of other smoking-related cancers were 1.8, 3.0 5.4, and 6.4 for men, and 2.0, 3.1, 5.0, and 6.5 for women. These results suggest that men and women have similar relative risks of smoking-related cancers at different levels of smoking.
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