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- Andersen, Peter M.
(författare)
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ALS and FTD : two sides of the same coin?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 12:10, s. 937-938
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Diener, Hans-Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Apixaban versus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack : a predefined subgroup analysis from AVERROES, a randomised trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 11:3, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:In the AVERROES study, apixaban, a novel factor Xa inhibitor, reduced the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation who were at high risk of stroke but unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist therapy. We aimed to investigate whether the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) would show a greater benefit from apixaban compared with aspirin than would patients without previous cerebrovascular events.METHODS:In AVERROES, 5599 patients (mean age 70 years) with atrial fibrillation who were at increased risk of stroke and unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist therapy were randomly assigned to receive apixaban (5 mg twice daily) or aspirin (81-324 mg per day). The mean follow-up was 1·1 years. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism; the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Patients and investigators were masked to study treatment. In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we used Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year event risk and Cox proportional hazards regression models to compare the effects of apixaban in patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. AVERROES is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00496769.FINDINGS:In patients with previous stroke or TIA, ten events of stroke or systemic embolism occurred in the apixaban group (n=390, cumulative hazard 2·39% per year) compared with 33 in the aspirin group (n=374, 9·16% per year; hazard ratio [HR] 0·29, 95% CI 0·15-0·60). In those without previous stroke or TIA, 41 events occurred in the apixaban group (n=2417, 1·68% per year) compared with 80 in the aspirin group (n=2415, 3·06% per year; HR 0·51, 95% CI 0·35-0·74). The p value for interaction of the effects of aspirin and apixaban with previous cerebrovascular events was 0·17. Major bleeding was more frequent in patients with history of stroke or TIA than in patients without (HR 2·88, 95% CI 1·77-4·55) but risk of this event did not differ between treatment groups.INTERPRETATION:In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban is similarly effective whether or not patients have had a previous stroke or TIA. Given that those with previous stroke or TIA have a higher risk of stroke, the absolute benefits might be greater in these patients.FUNDING:Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer.
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| 4. |
- Diener, Hans Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke : a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 9:12, s. 1157-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In the Randomised Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE LY) trial dabigatran reduced occurrence of both stroke and haemorrhage compared with warfarin in patients who had atrial fibrillation and were at increased risk of stroke We aimed to assess the effects of dabigatran compared with warfarin in the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack Methods In the RE LY trial 18113 patients from 967 centres in 44 countries were randomly assigned to 110 mg or 150 mg dabigatran twice daily or to warfarin dose adjusted to international normalised ratio 2 0 to 3 0 Median follow up was 2 0 years (IQR 1 14-2 86) and the primary outcome was stroke or systemic embolism The primary safety outcome was major haemorrhage Patients and investigators were aware of whether patients received warfarin or dabigatran but not of dabigatran dose and event adjudicators were masked to treatment In a predefined analysis we investigated the outcomes of the RE LY trial in subgroups of patients with or without previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack RE LY is registered with ClimcalTriaLs gov NCT00262600 Findings Within the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, 1195 patients were from the 110 mg dabigatran group 1233 from the 150 mg dabigatran group and 1195 from the warfarin group Stroke or systemic embolism occurred m 65 patients (2 78% per year) on warfarin compared with 55 (2 32% per year) on 110 mg dabigatran (relative risk 0 84, 95% CI 0 58-1 20) and 51 (2 07% per year) on 150 mg dabigatran (0 75 0 52-1 08) The rate of major bleeding was significantly lower in patients on 110 mg dabigatran (RR 0 66 95% CI 0 48-0 90) and similar in those on 150 mg dabigatran (RR 1 01 95% CI 0 77-1 34) compared with those on warfarin The effects of both doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin were not significantly different between patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack and those without for any of the outcomes from RE LY apart from vascular death (110 mg group compared with warfaric group mteraction p=0 038) Interpretation In patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, the effects of 110 mg dabigatran and 150 mg dabigatran on stroke or systemic embolism were similar to those of warfarin Most effects of both dabigatran doses were consistent in patients with versus those without previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
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| 5. |
- Easton, J. Donald, et al.
(författare)
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Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack : a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 11:6, s. 503-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn the ARISTOTLE trial, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was reduced by apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with AF and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have a high risk of stroke. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in prespecified subgroups of patients with and without previous stroke or TIA.MethodsBetween Dec 19,2006, and April 2,2010, patients were enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial at 1034 clinical sites in 39 countries. 18 201 patients with AF or atrial flutter were randomly assigned to receive apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin (target international normalised ratio 2.0-3.0). The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years (IQR 1.4-2.3). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding in the on-treatment population. All participants, investigators, and sponsors were masked to treatment assignments. In this subgroup analysis, we estimated event rates and used Cox models to compare outcomes in patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. The ARISTOTLE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC00412984.FindingsOf the trial population, 3436 (19%) had a previous stroke or TIA. In the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 2.46 per 100 patient-years of follow-up in the apixaban group and 3.24 in the warfarin group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.03); in the subgroup of patients without previous stroke or TLA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 1.01 per 100 patient-years of follow-up with apixaban and 1.23 with warfarin (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.03; p for interaction=0.71). The absolute reduction in the rate of stroke and systemic embolism with apixaban versus warfarin was 0.77 per 100 patient-years of follow-up (95% CI -0.08 to 1.63) in patients with and 0.22 (-0.03 to 0.47) in those without previous stroke or TIA. The difference in major bleeding with apixaban compared with warfarin was 1.07 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 0.09-2.04) in patients with and 0.93 (0.54-1.32) in those without previous stroke or TIA.InterpretationThe effects of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with AF with and without previous stroke or TIA. Owing to the higher risk of these outcomes in patients with previous stroke or TIA, the absolute benefits of apixaban might be greater in this population.FundingBristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer.
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| 6. |
- Ekman, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Functional brain activity and presynaptic dopamine uptake in patients with Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment : a cross-sectional study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 11:8, s. 679-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many patients with Parkinson's disease have mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Deficits in executive functions and working memory suggest dysfunctional frontostriatal brain circuitry. We aimed to assess brain responses during a working memory task in a cohort of newly diagnosed drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease with and without MCI.Methods: Participants were recruited within a prospective cohort study of incident patients with idiopathic parkinsonism, including Parkinson's disease. Between Jan 1, 2004, and April 30, 2009, all physicians in the Umea catchment area were requested to refer all individuals with suspected parkinsonism to the Department of Neurology at lima University. Included patients fulfilled the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Control individuals were matched on the basis of age and sex with the first 50 patients included in the study. Participants who scored 1.5 SDs or more below the population mean on at least two cognitive measures were diagnosed with MCI. The primary outcome measures were functional MRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal and SPECT presynaptic uptake. Functional MRI was done during a verbal two-back working memory task. Presynaptic dopamine SPECT was done to assess presynaptic striatal dopaminergic system integrity. Event-related transient analyses of functional MRI data were done for the whole brain and for frontostriatal regions of interest, and semi-quantitative SPECT analyses were done for striatal regions of interest.Findings: Compared with controls (n=24), patients with Parkinson's disease (n=77) had under-recruitment in an extensive brain network including bilateral striatal and frontal regions (p<0.001). Within the Parkinson's disease group, patients with Parkinson's disease and MCI (n=30) had additional under-recruitment in the right dorsal caudate nucleus (p=0.005) and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (p<0.001) compared with patients with Parkinson's disease without MCI (n=26). In patients with Parkinson's disease and MCI, SPECT uptake in the right caudate was lower than in patients with Parkinson's disease without MCI (p=0.008) and correlated with striatal functional MRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (r=0.32, p=0.031).Interpretation: These altered brain responses in patients with Parkinson's disease and MCI suggest that cognitive impairment is linked to frontostriatal dysfunction.
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| 9. |
- Gonzalez, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Management of postpolio syndrome
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : The Lancet Publishing Group. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 9:6, s. 634-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postpolio syndrome is characterised by the exacerbation of existing or new health problems, most often muscle weakness and fatigability, general fatigue, and pain, after a period of stability subsequent to acute polio infection. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a lower motor neuron disorder that is supported by neurophysiological findings, with exclusion of other disorders as causes of the new symptoms. The muscle-related effects of postpolio syndrome are possibly associated with an ongoing process of denervation and reinnervation, reaching a point at which denervation is no longer compensated for by reinnervation. The cause of this denervation is unknown, but an inflammatory process is possible. Rehabilitation in patients with postpolio syndrome should take a multiprofessional and multidisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on physiotherapy, including enhanced or individually modified physical activity, and muscle training. Patients with postpolio syndrome should be advised to avoid both inactivity and overuse of weak muscles. Evaluation of the need for orthoses and assistive devices is often required.
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