| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Space-time clustering of childhood lymphatic leukaemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 16:12, s. 1111-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The discussion concerning clusters of childhood leukaemia has mainly been focused on their relation to the time and place of diagnosis. Recently some studies have indicated clustering not only at diagnosis, but also around time and place of birth. Space-time clustering at time of birth could be of special interest if the aetiological agent is of infectious origin and the induction of leukaemia either occurs pre- or perinatally or an infection at that time favours a poor subsequent immune response to the agent. Methods: To identify possible space-time clustering we have used the close-pair method of Knox. One-thousand-twenty recorded cases (0-14 years) of childhood acute lymphatic leukaemia and 293 cases (0-14 years) of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from Sweden between 1973-1996 were analysed. The records include date of birth and of diagnosis as well as addresses at birth and at diagnosis. Results: A significant excess of case-pairs (25 observed, 14.9 expected, p = 0.01) was observed close in date and place of birth in the 4-14 year age group with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL). However there was no statistically significant clustering found around time of diagnosis. When the cases of leukaemia and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were combined no statistically significant clustering was obtained neither at birth nor at diagnosis. Conclusions: This study strengthens the evidence of space-time clustering around the birth date in children whom later developed ALL. This observation is in support of the hypothesis that pre- or perinatal infections can induce a process leading to ALL.
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| 2. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in the reindeer breeding Saami population of Sweden, 1961–1997
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 17, s. 969-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saami people are the natives of northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula. In a cohort of 2033 Swedish reindeer breeding Saamis, the cancer risks between 1961 and 1997 were studied. Intotal, 193 cases of cancer were observed versus 322 expected in the general Swedish population and 249 in a geographically matched reference population of non-Saamis. In comparison to non-Saamis living in the same area, the reindeer breeding Saamis showed astatistically significant lower risk of developing cancerofthe prostate and of malignant lymphoma, whereas the risk of stomach cancer was significantly higher. Although there were no statistically significant changes ofcancer risks over time, temporal trends were indicated towards a decreased risk of cancer in the stomach and the prostate. The results suggest that the explanations ofthe low cancer risk ofthe reindeer breeding Saamis, in relation to the non-Saamis in the same environment, are to be found among lifestyle and/or genetic factors
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| 3. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in the reindeer breeding Saami population of Sweden, 1961–1997
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 17:10, s. 969-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saami people are the natives of northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula. In a cohort of 2033 Swedish reindeer breeding Saamis, the cancer risks between 1961 and 1997 were studied. In total, 193 cases of cancer were observed versus 322 expected in the general Swedish population and 249 in a geographically matched reference population of non-Saamis. In comparison to non-Saamis living in the same area, the reindeer breeding Saamis showed a statistically significant lower risk of developing cancer of the prostate and of malignant lymphoma, whereas the risk of stomach cancer was significantly higher. Although there were no statistically significant changes of cancer risks over time, temporal trends were indicated towards a decreased risk of cancer in the stomach and the prostate. The results suggest that the explanations of the low cancer risk of the reindeer breeding Saamis, in relation to the non-Saamis in the same environment, are to be found among lifestyle and/or genetic factors.
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| 4. |
- Hedlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung diseases in iron ore miners : report from the obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden studies.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 19:10, s. 953-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a population-based study on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms assessed by a mail questionnaire. The objective was to examine if work in an iron mine increased the risk of airway symptoms or obstructive diseases. The exposed group consisted of 114 previous or current male miners. Referents, 2472 males from the province, had never been employed by the mining company or worked as miners. Age, smoking and a family history of asthma were considered as possible confounders. The miners had an increased risk for respiratory symptoms (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.4-3.1) including recurrent wheeze (OR= 2.4, 95% CI= 1.5-3.9), longstanding cough (OR= 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.2), and for physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis (OR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.0-4.5). Attacks of shortness of breath and asthma manifestations were similar between miners and referents. Higher risks in miners were found particularly among the non-smokers for physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis (OR=9.2, 95% CI= 3.0-28) and for symptoms as well. A family history of asthma was less common among miners (9.2% vs. 17%, p < 0.05). We conclude that miners in a modern underground iron mine had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms. In contrast to other studies, this increased risk was particularly found in nonsmokers. A family history of asthma may be an important confounder in occupational studies of respiratory diseases.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between body height, body composition and cholesterol levels in middle-aged men. the coronary risk factor study in southern Sweden (CRISS)
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 1573-7284. ; 17:6, s. 521-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Short body height is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease; however, mechanisms are not fully explained. In this study, associations between body height and serum cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) were investigated. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of middle-aged men from Helsingborg, Sweden starting 1990. Two birth-year cohorts were invited at 37, 40 and 43 years of age; participation at baseline was 991 (68%). Serum and HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and waist/ hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants completed a questionnaire covering lifestyle variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant inverse correlations between body height and serum cholesterol (-0.11) and non-HDL cholesterol (-0.12). One standard deviation, 6.7 cm, taller body height was associated with a lower serum cholesterol (-0.12 mmol/l) and a lower non-HDL cholesterol (-0.13 m mol/l; p < 0.001). These associations remained when adjusted for BMI and WHR. Men with serum cholesterol equal to or above 6.5 mmol/l were significantly shorter (mean 178.71 cm) than men with serum cholesterol below 6.5 mmol/l (mean 179.71 cm). In addition, BMI and WHR were positively associated with serum and non-HDL cholesterol and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol. The change in cholesterol levels over the six-year follow-up was significantly associated to the change in BMI and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: Body height had an independent and inverse relation to serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in middle-aged men, and the lipid pattern suggests that the underlying mechanism might be different from the traditional association between lipids and the metabolic syndrome. Although the direct clinical implication is limited, our results may help to explain the association between short height and risk of myocardial infarction.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kristjansson, I, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of aluminium in human deciduous teeth
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 16:3, s. 231-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible role of environmental aluminium exposure in the pathogenesis of various diseases has highlighted the need for methods by which the long-term exposure to aluminium can be assessed. Therefore, we have further developed a method to determine aluminium in human deciduous teeth and applied this method for studying populations in Sweden, Crete and Iceland.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lidfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A screening procedure detecting high-yield candidates for OGTT. The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study: a population based study of middle-aged Swedish women
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 1573-7284. ; 17:10, s. 943-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to evaluate a screening procedure for detecting high-yield candidates for an OGTT, in a population of middle-aged Swedish women. A two-step screening procedure was performed in 6917 subjects. Women with a positive screening outcome, i.e. increased non-fasting capillary blood glucose, serum triglycerides, BMI, WHR, blood pressure or a family history of diabetes, pharmacological treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidaemia at the primary screening underwent a 75-g OGTT. A control group of women with negative screening outcome (n = 221) also underwent an OGTT. In 2923 women with positive screening outcome, 517 (17.7%) had NFG/IGT (normal fasting venous blood glucose <5.6 mmol/l and 2h-glucose 6.7-9.9 mmol/l), 109 (3.7%) IFG/IGT (fasting 5.6-6.0 and 2h 6.7-9.9 mmol/l) and 223 (7.6%) diabetes (fasting > or = 6.1 or 2h > or = 10.0 mmol/l). These figures were three, five and four times higher, respectively, than in the control group with negative screening outcome (p < 0.001 for all); no differences were found for IFG/NGT (fasting 5.6-6.0 and normal 2h < 6.7 mmol/l) (4.6% vs. 7.2%). For predicting impaired glucose metabolism (IFG/NGT, NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT, diabetes), the screening instrument showed an estimated sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 34% and negative predictive value of 85%, based on findings in the control sample. The odds ratio for NFG/IGT increased with the numbers of risk factors from 2.8 to 7.7, for IFG/ IGT from 5.7 to 55.0 and for diabetes from 2.5 to 18.1. High B-glucose, WHR and BMI were the three most important factors associated with an increased risk for NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT and diabetes. In subjects with IFG/NGT, none of the screening variables was associated with an increased risk. In summary, the results show a population screening method focused on features of the metabolic syndrome that discloses high-yield candidates for OGTT. A high prevalence of unknown impaired glucose metabolism was found in middle-aged women with a positive screening profile.
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| 10. |
- Lindholm, Eero, et al.
(författare)
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Classifying diabetes according to the new WHO clinical stages.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 1573-7284. ; 17:11, s. 983-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/Hypothesis: To test the usefulness of the new WHO criteria for clinical staging of diabetes in the characterization of 1977 diabetic patients. Methods: The following clinical stages were used: patients on diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents 2 years after diagnosis were considered as non-insulin requiring (NIR; n = 711) and patients who required insulin therapy after 1 year as insulin requiring for control (IRC; n = 543). Patients who because of deteriorating hyperglycemia within 1 year required insulin therapy were considered as insulin requiring for survival (IRS; n = 743). Results: The NIR patients had the highest age at onset (52 ± 12 years; mean ± SD), BMI (29.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2) and C-peptide concentrations (median 0.98 nmol/l; interquartile range 0.72–1.31 nmol/l) but the lowest frequency of GAD antibodies (5.5%) compared to the IRC and IRS groups. The IRC group had a high age at onset (49 ± 13 years), BMI (28.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2), frequency of GAD antibodies (16.8%), intermediate C-peptide concentrations (0.56 nmol/l, interquartile range 0.28–0.94), and the highest prevalence of nephropathy (31.5%) and neuropathy (68.1%). The IRS group had the lowest age at onset (23 ± 15 years), BMI (24.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2), C-peptide concentrations (0.05 nmol/l, interquartile range below detection limit 0.01) and highest frequency of GAD antibodies (44.5%). Retinopathy was more common in IRS than in IRC patients (62.1 vs. 43.9%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The new WHO criteria seem to discriminate three distinct subgroups and thus provide a useful tool for clinical staging. The IRC patients seem to have a more severe disease than the IRS patients, which has not been clearly acknowledged in the etiological classification. However, because of the cross-sectional nature of these data, they need to be confirmed in a prospective study with defined cut-off limits for when insulin should be initiated.
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