| 1. |
- Ahlbom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction: A word with two meanings creates confusion
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 20:7, s. 563-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based case-control study on viral infections and vaccinations and subsequent multiple sclerosis risk.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 24:9, s. 541-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infections are probably involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). A recent cohort study in the Gothenburg population revealed no change in MS incidence associated with the introduction of the Swedish measles, mumps and rubella vaccination programmes. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether these infections or vaccinations, and two other infections, varicella and infectious mononucleosis, influence MS risk. We performed a population-based case-control study in Gothenburg that included 509 MS cases and 2,067 controls, born 1959-1986. Data on infections and vaccinations were obtained from questionnaires and from child health and school health records. We found no significant associations between measles, mumps, rubella or varicella and MS risk. These results were consistent between the two source materials. Infectious mononucleosis was associated with significantly higher MS risk (odds ratio 2.03, 95% CI 1.52-2.73). Overall, there was no significant association between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and MS risk, while those MMR vaccinated before age ten only were at significantly higher MS risk (odds ratio 4.92, 95% CI 1.97-12.20). Those MMR vaccinated both before and after age ten had intermediate MS risk. Infection with measles, mumps, rubella and varicella did not influence MS risk in contrast to infectious mononucleosis which conferred doubled MS risk. The association with 'early' MMR vaccination only was an isolated finding, limited by a small number of subjects and multiple testing. Most likely this was a chance finding. Future studies could investigate it on an a priori basis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Calculating measures of biological interaction
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 20:7, s. 575-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blomgren, K. J., et al.
(författare)
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Interviewer variability - quality aspects in a case-control study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Epidemiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 21:4, s. 267-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality assurance and quality control are important for the reliability of case-control studies. Here we describe the procedures used in a previously published study, with emphasis on interviewer variability. To evaluate risk factors for acute pancreatitis, information including previous diagnoses and medication was collected from medical records and by telephone interviews from 462 cases and 1781 controls. Quality assurance procedures included education and training of interviewers and data validity checks. Quality control included a classification test, annual test interviews, expert case validation, and database validation. We found pronounced variations between interviewers. The maximal number of interviews per day varied from 3 to 9. The adjusted average (95% CI) number of diagnoses captured per interview of cases was 4.1 (3.8-4.3) and of controls 3.5 (3.4-3.7) (excluding one deviating interviewer). For drugs, the average (95% CI) number per interview was 3.9 (3.7-4.1) for cases and 3.3 (3.2-3.4) for controls (excluding one deviating interviewer). One of the fourteen interviewers deviated significantly from the others, and more so for controls than for cases. This interviewer's data ;were excluded. Nonetheless, data concerning controls more frequently needed correction and supplementation than for cases. Erroneous coding of diagnoses and medication was also more frequent among controls. Thus, a system for quality control of coding practices is crucial. Variability in interviewers' ability to ascertain information is a possible source of bias in interview-based case-control studies when "blinding" cannot be achieved.
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| 7. |
- Bälter, Olle, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Demands on web survey tools for epidemiological research
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 20:2, s. 137-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In countries where the Internet access is high, a web-based questionnaire could save time and money compared to printed questionnaires, mainly by eliminating the two steps of transferring answers from printed to a digital data set and manually completing missing and impossible answers. However, many of the features wanted for conducting large epidemiological studies are not available in many web survey systems. Here we describe design issues the investigator needs to be aware of when using web-based questionnaires in epidemiological research.
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| 8. |
- Cabrera-Moksnes, Claudia, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Can the relation between tooth loss and chronic disease be explained by socio-economic status? A 24-year follow-up from the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 20:3, s. 229-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between number of missing teeth and all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality as well as morbidity and to explore whether socio-economic factors mediate this association. An ongoing prospective cohort study of 1462 Swedish women included a dental survey in 1968/69 with follow-up until 1992/93. The dental examination included a panoramic radiographic survey and a questionnaire. Number of missing teeth at baseline was analysed in a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate time to mortality and morbidity. Number of missing teeth, independently of socio-economic status variables (the husband's occupational category, combined income, and education) was associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality respectively (relative risk (RR): 1.36; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.18-1.58) and (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.15-1.85 per 10 missing teeth), but no associations were found for cancer mortality (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.91-1.52). The relation between poor oral health and future cardiovascular disease could not be explained by measures of socio-economic status in this study.
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