| 1. |
- Samokhin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Stationary iteration methods for solving 3D electromagnetic scattering problems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics and Computation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0096-3003 .- 1873-5649. ; 222, s. 107-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalized Chebyshev iteration (GCI) applied for solving linear equations with nonselfadjoint operators is considered. Sufficient conditions providing the convergence of iterations imposed on the domain of localization of the spectrum on the complex plane are obtained. A minimax problem for the determination of optimal complex iteration parameters is formulated. An algorithm of finding an optimal iteration parameter in the case of arbitrary location of the operator spectrum on the complex plane is constructed for the generalized simple iteration method. The results are applied to numerical solution of volume singular integral equations (VSIEs) associated with the problems of the mathematical theory of wave diffraction by 3D dielectric bodies. In particular, the domain of the spectrum location is described explicitly for low-frequency scattering problems and in the general case. The obtained results are discussed and recommendations concerning their applications are given. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression in myocardial infarction patients
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 9:3, s. 175-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Disturbed sleep has been linked to increased morbidity, mortality and depression and worsened health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. Few studies of readjustment after coronary artery disease have explicitly focused on sleep disturbance. Aim: To explore associations between disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression, and to assess to what extent fatigue four months post-MI could be explained. Method: The sample included 204 consecutive patients, ≤ 80 years of age who answered questionnaires about disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression four months after MI. Results: The variables anxiety, depression and disturbed sleep were all associated with fatigue. The regression model accounted for 46% of the variance in fatigue with depression and disturbed sleep as predictors. Infarct size measured by conventional biochemical markers, left ventricle ejection fraction and history of previous MI were not correlated with disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety or depression. Conclusions: From knowledge about associations between disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression after MI, cardiac nurses could be trained to observe such symptoms. Optimal care for sleep disturbance may include actions to reduce anxiety and depression as well as self-care advices about sleep hygiene in order to improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue. © 2009 European Society of Cardiology.
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| 3. |
- Rojas, Yerko, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Early life circumstances and male suicide : A 30-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:3, s. 420-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses the relationship between early life circumstances and suicide during adolescence and young adulthood among men in a Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953. Relevant variables were derived from Durkheim's proposition of social integration and suicide and Merton's strain theory of deviance. The links between our background variables and suicide were estimated with rare events logistic regression, a statistical method specially developed for situations in which rare events are endemic to the data. We found that self-rated loneliness at age 12–13 as an indicator of social isolation, school absenteeism at the same age as an indicator of school integration, and growing up in a family which received means-tested social assistance at least once during the period 1953–1965 as an indicator of childhood poverty, were statistically related to subsequent suicide risk between 1970 and 1984. Furthermore, following Bourdieu's rereading of Durkheim's Suicide, we argue that social isolation and school integration can be seen as important forms of deprivation, since “social integration” can also be understood in terms of “social recognition”. This view emphasises the importance of taking the emotional and social poverty of children just as seriously as their material poverty when it comes to suicide.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The practice of birth control and historical fertility change : Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Elsevier. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 15:2, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introduction discusses the contributions in the special issue. The articles present results concerning the practice of birth control, mainly at the family level. They represent different analytical approaches where both interviews, letters, surveys and micro-level data have been used. The European fertility decline has made a fundamental change to the societies in the 20th and 21st centuries. Birth control spreads rapidly. Research in this field requires both qualitative and quantitative studies, where both approaches contribute to different perspectives on the transition. The articles in the issue discuss several themes in relation to birth control, of which three are developed in the introduction. These are gender and fertility, gender and health and finally how to control fertility. The presented results demonstrate the importance of including gender in the analyses of the fertility decline. A gender perspective makes it natural to consider historical persons as agents. It is also necessary to acknowledge that we should not treat the married couple as a single unit. They may have conflicting interests, something that several of the articles illustrate. One aspect we would like to emphasize is how health problems can influence the will to have more children and this affects birth control. This is a theme that in different forms is taken up by several of the authors. Finally, families practiced birth control with several different methods that also changed throughout the married years, thus demonstrating a flexibility that is often overlooked in conventional methods for the analysis of fertility.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hult, Carl, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of retirement and mortality : A cohort study of Swedish construction workers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:10, s. 1480-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies indicate that early retirement per se may have a negative effect on health to such an extent that it increases mortality risk. One type of early retirement often referred to in these studies is retirement with disability pension/benefit. Given the overall objective of disability benefit programmes - to help the disabled live socially and economically satisfactory lives, freed from exposure to employment health hazards and thus avoid further declines in health - the finding is challenging. This paper examined the relationship between timing of retirement and mortality using a cohort of Swedish construction workers. The mortality risk of disability pensioners - excluding those with diagnoses normally connected to increased mortality - was compared with the risk of those continuing to work. Although initial indications were in line with earlier results, it became obvious that the increased mortality risk of disability pensioners did not depend on early retirement per se but on poor health before early retirement not explicitly recognized in the diagnosis on which the disability pension rested. The results indicate that there are no general differences in mortality depending on timing of retirement. Future studies of mortality differences arising from working or not working must sufficiently control for health selection effects into the studied retirement paths.
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| 8. |
- Höjer, Ingrid, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Procedures when young people leave care : Views of 111 swedish social services mangers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 33:12, s. 2452-2460:33, s. 2452 - 2460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In western societies, there is a general tendency towards a protracted transition to adulthood for young people, who thereby may become increasingly dependent on support from family. Young people leaving a placement in out-of-home care often lack such support, and will thus have a disadvantageous position compared to their peers. With the purpose of looking into the procedures when young people leave a placement in out-of-home care, telephone interviews were performed with 111 managers of social service units in two Swedish regions (West Sweden, and Stockholm Region), using a structured interview schedule. Answering rate was 99.1%. Only 6% of the managers had information of the young people's whereabouts once they had left care. 86-88% had general support programmes for all young people concerning housing, employment etc. but only 2-4% had specific programmes for young people leaving care. A majority of the managers were attentive of the difficulties the young people leaving care may encounter, but displayed little awareness of the consequences of a prolonged transition to adulthood, and the need for continued support after leaving care. Several managers referred to the general support of the Swedish welfare state, meaning that young people leaving care had the same access to support as all other young people in Sweden. Consequently, young people leaving care are at risk of being invisible in the welfare system and facing a compressed transition to adulthood.
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| 9. |
- Östman, Bengt, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 28:4, s. 403-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The theoretically beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (Q10) on exercise-related oxidative stress and physical capacity have not been confirmed to our knowledge by interventional supplementation studies. Our aim was to investigate further whether Q10 supplementation at a dose recommended by manufacturers influences these factors. Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, controlled design, we investigated the effect on physical capacity of 8 wk of treatment with a daily dose of 90 mg of Q10 (n = 12) compared with placebo (n = 11) in moderately trained healthy men 19 to 44 y old. Two days of individualized performance tests to physical exhaustion were performed before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes were maximal oxygen uptake, workload, and heart rate at the lactate threshold. Secondary outcomes were creatine kinase, hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Results: No significant differences between the groups were discerned after the intervention for maximal oxygen uptake (-0.11 L/min, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.08, P = 0.44), workload at lactate threshold (6.3 W, 13.4 to 25.9, P = 0.36), or heart rate at lactate threshold (2.0 beats/min, -4.9 to 8.9, P = 0.41). No differences between the groups were detected for hypoxanthine or uric acid (serum markers of oxidative stress) or creatine kinase (a marker of skeletal muscle damage). Conclusion: Although in theory Q10 could be beneficial for exercise capacity and in decreasing oxidative stress, the present study could not demonstrate that such effects exist after supplementation with a recommended dose.
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| 10. |
- Bech-Hanssen, Odd, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure reflection in the pulmonary circulation in patients with severe mitral regurgitation indicates adverse postoperative outcome.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 44:6, s. 1037-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known risk factor in valvular surgery. In the present study, we hypothesized that the assessment of pressure reflection (PR) in the pulmonary circulation, indicating increased pulmonary vascular resistance, might improve the identification of patients with increased morbidity and mortality following surgery for severe mitral regurgitation. METHODS: A total of 103 patients without atrial fibrillation were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 48), patients without PR; Group 2 (n = 36), patients with PR and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≤60 mmHg and Group 3 (n = 19), patients with PR and PASP >60 mmHg. Three variables related to PR were selected: the acceleration time in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), the interval between peak velocity in the RVOT and peak tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and the right ventricular pressure increase after peak RVOT velocity. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups in age, ejection fraction, need for coronary bypass grafting or creatinine. Patients with PR (Groups 2 and 3) had more use of vasoactive drugs (overall P < 0.0001, Group 1 vs Group 2 P = 0.018). The proportion of patients with >24 h in the intensive care unit was 27% in Group 1, 54% in Group 2 and 84% in Group 3 (overall P < 0.0001, Group 1 vs Group 2 P = 0.006). The in-hospital mortality in patients without PR (n = 49) was 0% compared with 10.9% in patients with PR (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography assessment of PR in the pulmonary circulation and severe PH may identify patients with adverse outcome following mitral surgery.
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