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| 2. |
- Günther, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Ticke-borne encephalitis is associated with low levels of interleukin-10 in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 1, s. 6029-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is associated with higher morbidity and induces a stronger intrathecal immune activation than most other viral induced meningo-encephalitis. The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in relation to aetiology and clinical course. Cytokines were analysed by Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) from 44 patients with TBE and from 36 patients with aseptic meningo-encephalitis of other aetiology (non-TBE). Significantly increased CSF levels of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1ra), and soluble CD8 receptor (sCD8) were detected in both cohorts. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α showed low levels or was not detected in CSF in any group in the acute stage. However, the CSF levels of IL- 10 were significantly lower in TBE than in non-TBE cases 06 days after onset of encephalitis. The TBE patients with encephalitis had significantly lower IL-10 CSF levels later in the clinical course (day 718) than TBE patients with meningeal disease. Increased IFN-γ production, but low IL-10 secretion, may be of pathophysiological significance in TBE.
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| 3. |
- Molin, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Migratory birds, ticks and Bartonella
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 1, s. 5997-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bartonella spp. infections are considered to be vector-borne zoonoses; ticks are suspected vectors of bartonellae. Migratory birds can disperse ticks infected with zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia and tick-borne encephalitis virus and possibly also Bartonella. Thus, in the present study 386 tick specimens collected in spring 2009 from migratory birds on the Mediterranean islands Capri and Antikythera were screened for Bartonella spp. RNA. One or more ticks were found on 2.7% of the birds. Most ticks were Hyalomma rufipes nymphs and larvae with mean infestation rates of 1.7 nymphs and 0.6 larvae per infested bird. Bartonella spp. RNA was not detected in any of the tick specimens.
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| 4. |
- Olsen, Björn
(författare)
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Inaugural editorial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 1, s. 6015-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infection Ecology & Epidemiology aims to be a truly international forum to stimulate inter-disciplinary collaborations dealing with a range of subjects from the plethora of infections in humans, over diseases that have implications for wildlife ecology, to advanced virology and bacteriology. The journal specifically welcomes studies from the developing world, and studies in which researchers from multiple medical and ecological disciplines collaborate to increase our knowledge of the emergence, spread, and effect of new and re-emerging infectious diseases in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. The journal’s main areas of interest include, but are not limited to, zoonotic microorganisms, vectorborne infections, gastrointestinal pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and microorganisms in a changing environment.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Tuiskunen, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Dengue fever in returned Swedish travelers from Thailand
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686 .- 2000-8686. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dengue viruses (DENV) are endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical countries and cause the most common arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. Travelers visiting endemic areas may both acquire and spread DENV infections, and this is the reason why prevention of mosquito bites is of crucial importance. Dengue fever (DF) has become the most common cause for tropical fever in Swedish tourists. Swedish data from 1995 to 2010 show that the number of DF cases has increased since the beginning of 2000; partly due to improved diagnostics based on IgM detection, and partly due to an increase in the number of tourists traveling to, and between, endemic areas. Young adults aged 20–29 are mostly affected, and epidemiological data indicate increased incidence rates from 2008 onwards. Our data pose a call for attention when traveling to DENV endemic areas as well as an increased awareness among physicians when treating returning travelers.
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| 7. |
- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Extended spectrum beta-lactamases detected in Escherichia coli from gulls in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 1, s. 7030-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate if bacterial antibiotic resistance was present in gull populations in urbanised areas, we conducted a study in which faecal samples from gulls were collected in central Stockholm, Sweden in April and May 2010 and screened for extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-type antibiotic resistance. Eighteen of 194 randomly selected Escherichia coli isolates harboured ESBL of CTX-M phenotype. Since the bacteria are unlikely to have developed the resistance in gulls, it may indicate leakage of resistant bacteria to the environment. As many gulls find food and shelter in cities around the world and thereby share their habitat with dense human populations, the finding that as many as 9% of gulls carry ESBL-type antibiotic resistance may imply that zoonotic transmission between gulls, humans, and other animals is likely to occur in such places. This study illustrates how ecologically widespread the problem of antibiotic resistance has become and this has implications for future policy making to reduce the spread of bacteria with antibiotic resistance.
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