| 1. |
- Myrum, Craig, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants in the ARC gene are not associated withcognitive abilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279. ; 5:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-associated (ARC) gene encodes a protein that is critical for the consolidation of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. Given ARC's key role in synaptic plasticity, we hypothesized that genetic variations in ARC may contribute to interindividual variability in human cognitive abilities or to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) susceptibility, where cognitive impairment often accompanies the disorder. Methods: We tested whether ARC variants are associated with six measures of cognitive functioning in 670 healthy subjects in the Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics (NCNG) by extracting data from its Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). In addition, the Swedish Betula sample of 1800 healthy subjects who underwent similar cognitive testing was also tested for association with 19 tag SNPs. Results: No ARC variants show association at the study-wide level, but several markers show a trend toward association with human cognitive functions. We also tested for association between ARCSNPs and ADHD in a Norwegian sample of cases and controls, but found no significant associations. Conclusion: This study suggests that common genetic variants located in ARC do not account for variance in human cognitive abilities, though small effects cannot be ruled out.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Polytraumatization in an adult national sample and its association with psychological distress and self-esteem
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported experiences of potential childhood traumas and polytraumatization, and to find cut-off values for different kinds of potential traumatic events in a national representative sample of adults in Sweden. In addition, to analyse the association between polytraumatization and both psychological distress and global self-esteem. Method: A web-based survey - containing SCL-25 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Linkoping Difficult Life Events Scale - Adult - was sent out to a nationally reprative sample and 5062 people chose to participate in the study. Results: Results showed that almost everyone (97%) has experienced at least one potential traumatic event and that polytraumatization (the 10% of the participants with most reported traumas) was significantly (Z=12.57, P<0.001, r=0.18) associated with psychological distress and global self-esteem. Gender differences were significant (Z=8.44, P<0.001, r=0.12), in that men experience more noninterpersonal traumas but women report more symptoms. The effect sizes regarding the impact of potential trauma on self-esteem were largest for women with experience of polytraumatization in the age group 18-25 (r=0.48). There was almost linear increase in psychological distress and linear decrease in self-esteem with increasing number of traumatic events experienced. Conclusion: Experience of polytrauma can be considered an important factor to take into account in psychiatric settings as well.
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| 3. |
- Sandström, Linda, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Speech intelligibility in Parkinson's disease patients with zona incerta deep brain stimulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279. ; 5:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of l-dopa (Levodopa) and cZi-DBS (deep brain stimulation in caudal zona incerta) on spontaneous speech intelligibility in patients with PD (Parkinson's disease).Materials and MethodsSpontaneous utterances were extracted from anechoic recordings from 11 patients with PD preoperatively (off and on l-dopa medication) and 6 and 12 months post bilateral cZi-DBS operation (off and on stimulation, with simultaneous l-dopa medication). Background noise with an amplitude corresponding to a clinical setting was added to the recordings. Intelligibility was assessed through a transcription task performed by 41 listeners in a randomized and blinded procedure.ResultsA group-level worsening in spontaneous speech intelligibility was observed on cZi stimulation compared to off 6 months postoperatively (8 adverse, 1 positive, 2 no change). Twelve months postoperatively, adverse effects of cZi-DBS were not frequently observed (2 positive, 3 adverse, 6 no change). l-dopa administered preoperatively as part of the evaluation for DBS operation provided the overall best treatment outcome (1 adverse, 4 positive, 6 no change).ConclusionscZi-DBS was shown to have smaller negative effects when evaluated from spontaneous speech compared to speech effects reported previously. The previously reported reduction in word-level intelligibility 12 months postoperatively was not transferred to spontaneous speech for most patients. Reduced intelligibility due to cZi stimulation was much more prominent 6 months postoperatively than at 12 months.
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| 4. |
- Zelano, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of poststroke epilepsy : a retrospective nested case-control study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279. ; 5:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recently, several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that epilepsy develops after approximately 10% of all cerebrovascular lesions. With an aging population, poststroke epilepsy is likely to be of increasing relevance to neurologists and more knowledge on the condition is needed. Patients with poststroke epilepsy are likely to differ from other epilepsy patient populations regarding age, side-effect tolerability, comorbidities, and life expectancy, all of which are important aspects when counselling newly diagnosed patients to make informed treatment decisions. Method: We have here performed a nested case-control study on 36 patients with poststroke epilepsy and 55 controls that suffered stroke but did not develop epilepsy. The average follow-up time was between 3 and 4 years. Results: In our material, two-thirds of patients achieved seizure freedom and 25% experienced a prolonged seizure (status epilepticus) during the follow-up period. Cases consumed more health care following their stroke, but did not suffer more traumatic injuries. Interestingly, the mortality among cases and controls did not differ significantly. This observation needs to be confirmed in larger prospective studies, but indicate that poststroke epilepsy might not infer additional mortality in this patient group with considerable comorbidities. Conclusions: The observations presented can be of value in the counselling of patients, reducing the psychosocial impact of the diagnosis, and planning of future research on poststroke epilepsy.
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