| 1. |
- Ekdahl, Bertil
(författare)
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Computerized Agents from a Linguistic Perspective
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many fashion words in AI, such as introspection, reflection, metalanguage, belief and intention. The usual way of looking at such concepts is proof theoretical even if it is not at all clear that these concepts can be described in a formal language. I shed light on some of these concepts from a semantical point of view, and show that it is impossible to describe them to a computer. This implies that there can be no agent other that of being instrumental. I also present a new theory of anticipatory systems that runs counter to the prevalent idea.
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| 2. |
- Eriksén, Sara
(författare)
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Knowing and the Art of IT Management. An inquiry into work practices in one-stop shops
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New information technology is developing faster than the models, metaphors and methods in use for conceptualizing the sharing and managing of information in organizations, in communities and in society in general. The way we utilize information technology today does not seem to succeed in supporting the everyday work practices through which organizations accomplish their work. In this Ph.D. dissertation, the results of a research project about skill, cooperation and computer support in public service one-stop shops are presented and discussed. Based on these results, alternative metaphors are presented for understanding the constructive aspects of front office work practices. One hypothesis is, that there is added value in not only being aware of multiperspectivity as an issue, but of making use of it in design. A problem here is that many traditional research methods, as well as most methods for systems development, are designed to diminish rather than make use of ambiguity and diversity. The metaphor of inverted indexicality of language is introduced in order to conceptualize the construction of meaning in action. New ways of conceptualizing IT management for the shop floor - including design issues - are proposed. Metaphors like 'the art of IT management', 'gardening' and 'caring for' are indicative of the issues at stake.
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| 3. |
- Gustavsson, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous Channel and Symbol Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Laplacian Noise
- 1998
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - Beijing : IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA. - 0780343255 ; , s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper treats channel estimation and signal detection in Laplacian noise. The received signal is assumed to be a transmitted signal which has been corrupted by an unknown channel, modeled as a FIR filter, the output being further disturbed by additive independent Laplacian noise. The transmitted signal is assumed to depend on an unknown parameter belonging to a known finite set. The simultaneous maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the unknown parameter, as well as of the FIR filter coefficients, is derived. The ML estimate of the channel can be obtained by using a linear programming approach and the decision about the parameter is based on the output from a set of generalized matched filters. Simulation results are included in order to illustrate the performance of the proposed receivers.
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| 4. |
- Rahm Hallberg, Ingalill, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation During Morning Care Between Nurses and Severely Demented Institutionalized Patients
- 1995
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Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1054-7738 .- 1552-3799. ; 4:1, s. 78-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nurse-patient cooperation during morning care in two wards for the care of severely demented patients (107 observations) were analyzed by using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Nurse-patient cooperation was found to be characterized by their acting in mutuality or unilaterality and in or out of pace with each other. When acting in pace and mutuality, the nurse and patient turned to each other as persons as well as to the task. This theme related to confirming nurse actions and actions that provided opportunities for the patient to participate. When acting out of pace and unilaterality, cooperation was mainly task oriented and related to acts of resistance, the use of force, loss of attention or turning to others, or the patient wanted to escape. The findings were interpreted within the contexts of power, empowerment, and powerlessness and may serve as indicators of low- or high-quality nurse-patient cooperation during morning care provided for demented patients.
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| 5. |
- Ygge, Fredrik
(författare)
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Market-Oriented Programming and its Application to Power Load Management
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Market-oriented programming is a new approach to design and implementation of resource allocation mechanisms in computer systems. It has its roots in different disciplines, such as economics and computer science (in particular the area of multi-agent systems). This thesis is divided into two different parts, focusing on: 1) central foundations and mechanisms of market-oriented programming, and 2) the use of market-oriented programming in practical applications. Market-oriented programming is seen as a programming paradigm based on abstractions such as prices and demands. Concepts, terminology and theory from micro-economics form the foundations of the paradigm. Central aspects of these foundations are investigated and some new insights are presented. Furthermore, some relations between standard optimization/resource allocation approaches and markets are described, and novel theorems are introduced. A plethora of algorithms (some stemming from mathematical optimization and numerical analysis, and some new) for the main computational problem of market-oriented programming - the computation of general equilibrium - are described, analyzed and compared. Some issues of self-interested agents in market-oriented programming are also investigated. A published, and generally recognized, market-oriented approach to the application building climate control is analyzed in some detail. A new approach to this application, based on market-oriented programming, is introduced and shown to be superior to the analyzed approach in many ways. The case study pinpoints a number of potential pitfalls as well as advantages of market-oriented approaches to this and other applications. A second investigated application is power load management, i.e. the management of loads at the customers' side for obtaining more efficient energy systems management. The basis of the application is described and a new market-oriented approach is introduced and analyzed. The approach is shown to have a number of advantages compared to existing approaches to this problem. The main conclusion of the thesis is that there are some potential pitfalls of market-oriented programming, but when used with care it provides a highly natural and efficient means for resource allocation in computer systems.
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