| 1. |
- Chandolias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effect of a reverse membrane bioreactor against toluene and naphthalene in anaerobic digestion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 1470-8744 .- 0885-4513. ; 69:3, s. 1267 -1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raw syngas contains tar contaminants including toluene and naphthalene, which inhibit its conversion to methane. Cell encasement in a hydrophilic reverse membrane bioreactor (RMBR) could protect the cells from hydrophobic contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of toluene and naphthalene and the effect of using RMBR. In this work, toluene and naphthalene were added at concentrations of 0.5–1.0 and 0.1–0.2 g/L in batch operation. In continuous operation, concentration of 0–6.44 g/L for toluene and 0–1.28 g/L for naphthalene were studied. The results showed that no inhibition was observed in batch operation for toluene and naphthalene at concentrations up to 1 and 0.2 g/L, respectively. In continuous operation of free cell bioreactors (FCBRs), inhibition of toluene and naphthalene started at 2.05 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. When they were present simultaneously, inhibition of toluene and naphthalene occurred at concentrations of 3.14 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. In continuous RMBRs, no inhibition for toluene and less inhibition for naphthalene were observed, resulting in higher methane production from RMBR than that of FCBR. These results indicated that RMBR system gave a better protection effect against inhibitors compared with FCBR.
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| 2. |
- Westman, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of encapsulation of microorganisms on product formation during microbial fermentations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 96:6, s. 1441-1454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the latest developments in microbial products by encapsulated microorganisms in a liquid core surrounded by natural or synthetic membranes. Cells can be encapsulated in one or several steps using liquid droplet formation, pregel dissolving, coacervation, and interfacial polymerization. The use of encapsulated yeast and bacteria for fermentative production of ethanol, lactic acid, biogas, l-phenylacetylcarbinol, 1,3-propanediol, and riboflavin has been investigated. Encapsulated cells have furthermore been used for the biocatalytic conversion of chemicals. Fermentation, using encapsulated cells, offers various advantages compared to traditional cultivations, e.g., higher cell density, faster fermentation, improved tolerance of the cells to toxic media and high temperatures, and selective exclusion of toxic hydrophobic substances. However, mass transfer through the capsule membrane as well as the robustness of the capsules still challenge the utilization of encapsulated cells. The history and the current state of applying microbial encapsulation for production processes, along with the benefits and drawbacks concerning productivity and general physiology of the encapsulated cells, are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ylitervo, Päivi, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Ethanol production at elevated temperatures using encapsulation of yeast
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 156:1, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of macroencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 to produce ethanol at elevated temperatures was investigated in consecutive batch and continuous cultures. Prior to cultivation yeast was confined inside alginate-chitosan capsules composed of an outer semi-permeable membrane and an inner liquid core. The encapsulated yeast could successfully ferment 30 g/L glucose and produce ethanol at a high yield in five consecutive batches of 12 h duration at 42 degrees C, while freely suspended yeast was completely inactive already in the third batch. A high ethanol production was observed also through the first 48 h at 40 degrees C during continuous cultivation at D = 0.2 h(-1) when using encapsulated cells. The ethanol production slowly decreased in the following days at 40 degrees C. The ethanol production was also measured in a continuous cultivation in which the temperature was periodically increased to 42-45 degrees C and lowered to 37 degrees C again in periods of 12 h. Our investigation shows that a non-thermotolerant yeast strain improved its heat tolerance upon encapsulation, and could produce ethanol at temperatures as high as 45 degrees C for a short time. The possibility of performing fermentations at higher temperatures would greatly improve the enzymatic hydrolysis in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes and thereby make the bioethanol production process more economically feasible.
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| 4. |
- Ylitervo, Päivi, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Furfural on Rapid Ethanol Production Using a Membrane Bioreactor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 6:3, s. 1604-1617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A membrane bioreactor was developed to counteract the inhibition effect of furfural in ethanol production. Furfural, a major inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates, is a highly toxic substance which is formed from pentose sugars released during the acidic degradation of lignocellulosic materials. Continuous cultivations with complete cell retention were performed at a high dilution rate of 0.5 h(-1). Furfural was added directly into the bioreactor by pulse injection or by addition into the feed medium to obtain furfural concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 21.8 g L-1. At all pulse injections of furfural, the yeast was able to convert the furfural very rapidly by in situ detoxification. When injecting 21.8 g L-1 furfural to the cultivation, the yeast converted it by a specific conversion rate of 0.35 g g(-1) h(-1). At high cell density, Saccharomyces cerevisiae could tolerate very high furfural levels without major changes in the ethanol production. During the continuous cultures when up to 17.0 g L-1 furfural was added to the inlet medium, the yeast successfully produced ethanol, whereas an increase of furfural to 18.6 and 20.6 g L-1 resulted in a rapidly decreasing ethanol production and accumulation of sugars in the permeate. This study show that continuous ethanol fermentations by total cell retention in a membrane bioreactor has a high furfural tolerance and can conduct rapid in situ detoxification of medium containing high furfural concentrations.
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| 5. |
- Ylitervo, Päivi, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane bioreactors' potential for ethanol and biogas production: a review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 34:13-14, s. 1711-1723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies developing and producing membranes for different separation purposes, as well as the market for these, have markedly increased in numbers over the last decade. Membrane and separation technology might well contribute to making fuel ethanol and biogas production from lignocellulosic materials more economically viable and productive. Combining biological processes with membrane separation techniques in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) increases cell concentrations extensively in the bioreactor. Such a combination furthermore reduces product inhibition during the biological process, increases product concentration and productivity, and simplifies the separation of product and/or cells. Various MBRs have been studied over the years, where the membrane is either submerged inside the liquid to be filtered, or placed in an external loop outside the bioreactor. All configurations have advantages and drawbacks, as reviewed in this paper. The current review presents an account of the membrane separation technologies, and the research performed on MBRs, focusing on ethanol and biogas production. The advantages and potentials of the technology are elucidated.
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