| 1. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of fuels for district heating : A comparison of waste incineration, biomass- and natural gas combustion
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 35:2, s. 1346-1362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) is to compare district heating based on waste incineration with combustion of biomass or natural gas. The study comprises two options for energy recovery (combined heat and power (CHP) or heat only), two alternatives for external, marginal electricity generation (fossil lean or intense), and two alternatives for the alternative waste management (landfill disposal or material recovery). A secondary objective was to test a combination of dynamic energy system modelling and LCA by combining the concept of complex marginal electricity production in a static, environmental systems analysis. Furthermore, we wanted to increase the methodological knowledge about how waste can be environmentally compared to other fuels in district-heat production. The results indicate that combustion of biofuel in a CHP is environmentally favourable and robust with respect to the avoided type of electricity and waste management. Waste incineration is often (but not always) the preferable choice when incineration substitutes landfill disposal of waste. It is however, never the best choice (and often the worst) when incineration substitutes recycling. A natural gas fired CHP is an alternative of interest if marginal electricity has a high fossil content. However, if the marginal electricity is mainly based on non-fossil sources, natural gas is in general worse than biofuels.
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| 2. |
- Hillman, Karl, 1978
(författare)
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LCA and Strategic Choice of Biofuels
- 2007
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Ingår i: LCA of Energy, Energy in LCA - SETAC Europe 14th LCA Case Studies Symposium, 3-4 December 2007, Göteborg, Sweden - Extended abstracts. ; , s. 91-94
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Jonasson, Karl
(författare)
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Well-to-Wheel Studies and Technical Change - 9 problems with WTW studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From Research to Market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007. - : 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From Research to Market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Wells, R., et al.
(författare)
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Time - A key issue for musculoskeletal health and manufacturing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 38:6, s. 733-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time is a key issue for both ergonomists and engineers when they engage in production system interventions. While not their primary purpose, the actions of engineers have major effects on biomechanical exposure; possibly of much greater magnitude than many ergonomics interventions. This paper summarises the aims, actions and tools of engineers and ergonomists, emphasising time-related outcomes. Activities of the two groups when attempting to manipulate time aspects of work may be contradictory; engineers wishing to improve production and ergonomists aiming at better health as well as contributing to production. Consequently, tools developed by ergonomists for assessing time aspects of work describe rest patterns, movement velocities or daily duration of exposures, while engineering tools emphasise time-efficient production. The paper identifies measures that could be used to communicate time-relevant information between engineers and ergonomists. Further cooperation between these two stakeholders as well as research on the topic are needed to enable ergonomists to have a larger impact on the design of production systems.
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