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Sökning: LAR1:fhs > Karolinska Institutet

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1.
  • Klässbo, M., et al. (författare)
  • Examination of passive ROM and capsular patterns in the hip
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Physiotherapy Research International. - : Wiley. - 1358-2267 .- 1471-2865. ; 8:1, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and PurposeThe present study was conducted to examine passive hip range of motion (PROM) for patients with hip dysfunction, including pain, with or without hip osteoarthritis, to arrange and describe PROM patterns and to count the number of hips presenting Cyriax's and Kaltenborn's capsular patterns.MethodThe study is theory-testing, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive. One hundred and sixty-eight patients (mean age 61.7 years, range 36–90 years), 50 with no hip osteoarthritis, 77 with unilateral hip osteoarthritis and 41 with bilateral osteoarthritis, based on radiological reports, were consecutively recruited by physicians in primary health care and orthopaedic settings. One examiner tested PROM bilaterally, by use of a goniometer and a standardized protocol. PROM limitations were calculated by comparing norms from the symptom-free hips (n = 100) in the study, from Kaltenborn and, in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis (n = 77), from the non-osteoarthritis hip. The limitations were arranged by size in PROM patterns. The patterns and the numbers of hips with patterns corresponding to Cyriax's and Kaltenborn's capsular patterns were counted.ResultsBetween 68 and 138 PROM patterns were identified by use of different PROM norms for defining limitations. Few osteoarthritis hips showed Cyriax's capsular pattern and none Kaltenborn's capsular pattern.ConclusionsThe concept of capsular pattern for the hip should be re-examined. No support was found in the present study for its existence. It is impossible to anticipate radiological evidence of hip osteoarthritis from the multitude of PROM patterns. Every patient should be regarded as unique.
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2.
  • Klässbo, M., et al. (författare)
  • Promising outcome of a Hip School for patients with hip dysfunktion
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Arthritis Care and Research. - : Wiley. - 0893-7524 .- 1529-0123 .- 0004-3591. ; 49:3, s. 321-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveTo evaluate, in an exploratory study, a hip school led by physical therapists for patients with hip dysfunction including pain.MethodsPhysicians in primary care and orthopedic units consecutively recruited patients by residential area to a treatment group (T group; n = 77) and a control group (C group; n = 68), mean age 61.8 years, 59 men, 86 women. Ninety-nine of the 145 subjects had radiologic hip osteoarthritis. Outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP).ResultsAfter hip school (6 months) the T group showed greater reduction on the subscales of pain and activity limitations (WOMAC) than the C group. The subscales sleep disturbances, pain, and physical mobility (NHP) showed improvement for the T group compared with at start. The results for the T group persisted after an additional 6 months.ConclusionA hip school may reduce pain and activity limitations and improve health-related quality of life for patients with hip dysfunction including pain.
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3.
  • Lalouni, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Parental responses and catastrophizing in online cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric functional abdominal pain : A mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Pain Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-561X. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To test if decreased parental protective behaviors, monitoring behaviors, and parental catastrophizing mediate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms in children 8–12 years with functional abdominal pain disorders(FAPDs). The study uses secondary data analyses of a randomized controlled trial in which exposure-based online cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) was found superior to treatment as usual in decreasing gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods: The ICBT included 10 weekly modules for children and 10 weekly modules for parents. Treatment as usual consisted of any medication, dietary adjustments, and healthcare visits that the participants engaged in during 10 weeks. All measures were self-assessed online by parents. Biweekly assessments of the Adult Responses to Children’s Symptoms (ARCS), Protectand Monitor subscales, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, parental version (PCS-P) were included in univariate and multivariate growth models to test their mediating effect on the child’s gastrointestinal symptoms assessed withthe Pediatric Quality of Life Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale (PedsQL).Results: A total of 90 dyads of children with FAPDs and their parents were includedin the study, of which 46 were randomized to ICBT and 44 to treatment as usual. The PCS-P was found to mediate change in the PedsQL ab = 0.639 (95% CI0.020–2.331), while the ARCS Monitor ab = 0.472 (95% CI −1.002 to 2.547), and Protect ab= −0.151 (95% CI −1.455 to 0.674) were not mediators of change.Conclusions: To target parental catastrophizing in ICBT for pediatric FAPDs is potentially important to reduce abdominal symptoms in children.
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4.
  • Larsson, Gerry, et al. (författare)
  • Leadership behavior changes following a theory-based leadership development intervention : a longitudinal study of subordinates’ and leaders’ evaluations
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 58:1, s. 62-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to evaluate effects of leadership courses based on the developmental leadership model at the leadership behavioral level. A longitudinal design was employed with assessments before, one and six months after the leadership courses. The sample consisted of 59 leaders who made self-ratings and were rated by at least three subordinates on each occasion. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ). A limited increase of favorable leadership behaviors and a significant reduction of unfavorable leadership behaviors were found, particularly according to the subordinates’ ratings. A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention.
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5.
  • Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Leadership through the subordinates' eye : perceptions of leader behaviors in relation to age and gender
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 44:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeThe study represents a theory-based leadership approach in exploring the subordinate's perceptions of leadership behaviors in relation to age, gender and type of work environment. The aim was (1) to compare subordinates' ratings of their respective leaders' leadership behaviors based on of the leaders' age and gender, controlling for type of work environment and (2) to analyze the relationship between the subordinates' ratings of their leaders' leadership behaviors and their ratings of the outcome of these leadership behaviors.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) from a sample of Swedish leadership course participants (n = 10,869) and their respective subordinates (n = 97,943). The DLQ measures leadership behaviors designed to reflect the following leadership styles: developmental leadership, conventional-positive leadership, conventional-negative leadership and destructive leadership.FindingsResults showed that older leaders (51 years or older) were rated less favorably than younger (29 years or younger) and mid-aged leaders. Female leaders received more positive ratings than male leaders. A 3-way analysis-of-variance showed strong main effects for age, gender, and type of work environment and no significant interaction effects. A significant model with high equivalents of R2 coefficients (Cox and Snell, 1989; Nagelkerke, 1991) was obtained in a logistic regression analysis. Developmental leadership and conventional-positive leadership made significant positive contributions to the subordinates' ratings of the outcome of their leaders' leadership behaviors. Destructive leadership behaviors contributed negatively to the outcome ratings.Research limitations/implicationsWeaknesses include the cross-sectional study design. The large sample size is a strength, and the results have novel implications for leadership theory related to subordinates' view on leadership.Practical implicationsCounter-stereotype age and gender findings may have implications for organizational decisions and processes regarding selection of managers. Development programs are suggested for all categories but for older, male leaders with a focus on reducing their use of leadership behaviors perceived negatively by their subordinates, whereas younger female leaders should be encouraged to continue to develop their positive leadership behaviors.Originality/valueThe theory-based approach on subordinates' perceptions of leadership behaviors with a simultaneous focus on age, gender and type of work environment, based on a large-scale data set, is new.
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6.
  • Sandahl, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • The experimental understanding group-and-leader managerial course : long-term follow up
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 40:2, s. 151-162
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of an experiential leader development course titled understanding group-and-leader (UGL).Design/methodology/approach – The study sample consisted of 61 course participants (the managers) and 318 subordinate raters. The development leadership questionnaire (DLQ) was used to measure the results of the course. The measurements were made on three occasions: shortly before the course, one month after the course and six months after the course.Findings – The managers’ self-evaluations did not change significantly after the course. However, the subordinate raters’ evaluations of their managers indicated a positive trend in the scales of developmental leadership and conventional-positive leadership one month and six months after the course.Research limitations/implications – The study was based on a comparatively small sample with a number of drop-outs. The study lacked a control condition.Practical implications – From an organizational point of view, it could be argued that it is justifiable to send managers to such a course, as there is a good chance for an improvement in their leadership style as rated by subordinates.Social implications – The integration of group processes and leadership behavior in the context of experiential learning seems to be a fruitful path to leader development.Originality/value – Longitudinal studies on the results of experiential learning for managers are sparse. This is the first quantitative evaluation of a course that more than 80,000 individuals have taken.
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7.
  • Wisén, Niclas, et al. (författare)
  • Is conduct after capture training sufficiently stressful?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Conduct after capture (CAC) training is for personnel at risk of being captured. To be effective, it needs to be stressful. But how do we know if it is stressful enough? This study uses biomarkers and cognitive measures to evaluate CAC. Soldiers undergoing CAC were measured by the stress hormone cortisol from saliva samples at baseline and during training. The training consisted of being taken capture and put through a number of realistic and threatening scenarios, targeting survival strategies taught in the preceding week. Between scenarios, the trainees were held in a holding cell where they were monitored by a guard. The saliva samples were taken in conjunction with the scenarios. The whole training took place over a period of ~24 h. Cognitive performance was measured at baseline and after training. Three groups took part Group A (n = 20) was taken after 48 h of intense tasks leaving them in a poor resting state. Group B (n = 23) was well rested at CAC onset. Group C (n = 10) was part of a survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE) instructor course. The CAC training was the same for all groups. Group A exhibited a high increase in cortisol during CAC, compared to baseline levels were multiple times as high as “expected” values. Group B exhibited elevated levels slightly lower than those of group A, they also “dropped” to “normal” levels during the latter part of the exercise. Group C displayed the least increase with only slightly elevated levels. CAC training is stressful and cortisol levels were elevated enough to satisfy the prerequisite for effective stress inoculation. No cognitive performance drop could be identified; however, several participants “froze” during the exercise due to intensive stress.
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8.
  • Wisén, Niclas, et al. (författare)
  • Measuring the impact of operational stress : The relevance of assessing stress-related health across the deployment cycle
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Military medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 188:7-8, s. 2126-2132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Mental health issues from intense or prolonged stress are a common concern in regard to military deployment. Deployments can objectively vary in stress exposure, but it is the individuals' perception of that stress that affects sustainability, mental health, and combat fitness, which calls for the need of a protocol to evaluate and maintain a current estimation of stress impact. So, how can we assess the impact of stressors during different phases of deployment?Materials and methods: We used three psychological self-rating forms, the PSS14-Perceived Stress Scale, SMBM-Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure, and KSQ-Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, to measure the impact of stress before (T1), during (T2), and at homecoming (T3). We also wanted to see if T1 or T2 results could predict T3 results to be able to better prepare the homecoming program.The forms were handed out to Swedish soldiers deployed in Mali in 2017. The forms were collected as a way to assess the status of the mental health load at three timepoints based on the personnel function as a way to assess the current "psychological fitness level".Results: The results show that stress measured using PSS14 was high at homecoming. The same result was observed for SMBM. No measures from T1 or T2 could however predict the T3 results.Conclusions: Taken together, we found that screening of all contingent staff is relatively easy and provides personnel with relevant data on mental health and stress at the current time. We also found that test results correlated between T1 and T2 but not with T3. This indicates that there might be different stressors that affect staff at different timepoints.
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9.
  • Zhang, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • The genetic basis of entrepreneurship : Effects of gender and personality
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - Amsterdam, Holland : Elsevier Inc. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 110:2, s. 93-107
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extending previous research on the genetic underpinnings of entrepreneurship, we investigate gender differences in the genetic influences on the tendency of people to become entrepreneurs. We also examined two mediating variables through which genetic factors may impact this tendency: extraversion and neuroticism. Based on 1285 pairs of identical twins (449 male and 836 female pairs) and 849 pairs of same-sex fraternal twins (283 male and 566 female pairs), we found that females have a strong genetic influence and zero shared-environmental influences on their tendency to become entrepreneurs. In contrast, males show zero genetic influence, but a large shared-environmental influence. Extraversion and neuroticism mediate the genetic influences on women's tendency to become entrepreneurs, whereas extraversion mediates shared-environmental influences on men's tendency to become entrepreneurs. We discuss this sharp difference in genetic influences on entrepreneurship across gender groups and highlight the different challenges that men and women face in their entrepreneurial endeavors.
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