| 1. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in amino acid concentration in plasma and type I and type II fibres during resistance exercise and recovery in human subjects.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 37:4, s. 629-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight male subjects performed leg press exercise, 4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of their maximum. Venous blood samples were taken before, during exercise and repeatedly during 2 h of recovery. From four subjects, biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle prior to, immediately after and following one and 2 h of recovery. Samples were freeze-dried, individual muscle fibres were dissected out and identified as type I or type II. Resistance exercise led to pronounced reductions in the glutamate concentration in both type I (32%) and type II fibres (70%). Alanine concentration was elevated 60-75% in both fibre types and 29% in plasma. Glutamine concentration remained unchanged after exercise; although 2 h later the concentrations in both types of fibres were reduced 30-35%. Two hours after exercise, the plasma levels of glutamate and six of the essential amino acids, including the branched-chain amino acids were reduced 5-30%. The data suggest that glutamate acts as an important intermediate in muscle energy metabolism during resistance exercise, especially in type II fibres.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of a Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool (RiksmatenFlex) in Swedish Adolescents: Comparison and Validation Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A Web-based dietary assessment tool-RiksmatenFlex-was developed for the national dietary survey of adolescents in Sweden. Objective: This study aimed to describe the Web based method RiksmatenFlex and to test the validity of the reported dietary intake by comparing dietary intake with 24-hour dietary recalls (recall interviews), estimated energy expenditure, and biomarkers. Methods: Adolescents aged 11-12, 14-15, and 17-18 years were recruited through schools. In total, 78 students had complete dietary information and were included in the study. Diet was reported a few weeks apart with either RiksmatenFlexDiet (the day before and a random later day) or recall interviews (face-to-face, a random day later by phone) in a cross-over, randomized design. At a school visit, weight and height were measured and blood samples were drawn for biomarker analyses. Students wore an accelerometer for 7 days for physical activity measurements. Dietary intake captured by both dietary methods was compared, and energy intake captured by both methods was compared with the accelerometer-estimated energy expenditure (EEest). Intake of whole grain wheat and rye and fruit and vegetables by both methods was compared with alkylresorcinol and carotenoid concentrations in plasma, respectively. Results: The mean of the reported energy intake was 8.92 (SD 2.77) MJ by RiksmatenFlexDiet and 8.04 (SD 2.67) MJ by the recall interviews (P=.01) Intake of fruit and vegetables was 224 (169) g and 227 (150) g, and whole grain wheat and rye intake was 12.4 (SD 13.2) g and 12.0 (SD 13.1) g, respectively; the intakes of fruit and vegetables as well as whole grain wheat and iye did not differ between methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.57 for protein and carbohydrates to 0.23 for vegetables. Energy intake by RiksmatenFlexDiet was overreported by 8% (P=.03) but not by the recall interviews (P=.53) compared with EEest. The Spearman correlation coefficient between reported energy intake and EEest was 0.34 (P=.008) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.16 (P=.21) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlation coefficient between whole grain wheat and rye and plasma total alkylresorcinol homologs was 0.36 (P=.002) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.29 (P=.02) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlations between intake of fruit and vegetables and plasma carotenoids were weak for both dietary tools. The strongest correlations were observed between fruit and vegetable intake and lutein/zeaxanthin for RiksmatenFlexDiet (0.46; P<.001) and for recall interviews (0.28; P=.02). Conclusions: RiksmatenFlexDiet provides information on energy, fruit, vegetables, and whole grain wheat and rye intake, which is comparable with intake obtained from recall interviews in Swedish adolescents. The results are promising for cost-effective dietary data collection in upcoming national dietary surveys and other studies in Sweden. Future research should focus on how, and if, new technological solutions could reduce dietary reporting biases.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ancillotti, Mirko, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Status Quo Problem and the Role of Consumers Against Antimicrobial Resistance
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2571-581X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms survive exposure and proliferate in the presence of therapeutic levels of antimicrobial drugs. Because antimicrobial resistance is increasing, it is vital to encourage consumers to change and adopt smarter antibiotic behaviour. Despite World Health Organization's efforts to combat antibiotic resistance and their emphasis on the importance of public involvement, the role of consumers has been overlooked. The manifold responsibility for antibiotic resistance extends across different actors, including food retailers and consumers. Given this shared responsibility, a blame game arises and no action occurs. To overcome this status quo situation, we draw attention to the potential role of individual responsibility and social pressure to encourage consumers to adopt smart antibiotic behaviour but also to empower them. Conditions must be put in place to enable consumers' critical evaluation of the health-related and ethical aspects of their food choices. Such behaviour can be facilitated using digital innovations to support informed choices, in store and online.
|
|
| 4. |
- Björkman, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Regular moist snuff dipping does not affect endurance exercise performance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physiological and medical effects of snuff have previously been obtained either in cross-sectional studies or after snuff administration to non-tobacco users. The effects of snuff cessation after several years of daily use are unknown. 24 participants with >2 years of daily snuff-use were tested before and after >6 weeks snuff cessation (SCG). A control group (CO) of 11 snuff users kept their normal habits. Resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were significantly lower in SCG after snuff cessation, and body mass was increased by 1.4 +/- 1.7 kg. Total cholesterol increased from 4.12 +/- 0.54 (95% CI 3.89-4.35) to 4.46 +/- 0.70 (95% CI 4.16-4.75) mM L-1 in SCG, due to increased LDL, and this change was significantly different from CO. Resting values of HDL, C-reactive protein, and free fatty acids (FFA) remained unchanged in both groups. In SCG group, both HR and BP were reduced during a four-stage incremental cycling test (from 50 to 80% of VO(2)max) and a prolonged cycling test (60 min at 50% of VO(2)max). Oxygen uptake (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate (bLa) and blood glucose (bGlu) concentration, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were unchanged. In CO group, all measurements were unchanged. During the prolonged cycling test, FFA was reduced, but with no significant difference between groups. During the maximal treadmill running test peak values of VO2, pulmonary ventilation (VE), time to exhaustion and bLa were unchanged in both groups. In conclusion, endurance exercise performance (VO(2)dmax and maximal endurance time) does not seem to be affected by prolonged snuff use, while effects on cardiovascular risk factors are contradictory. HR and BP during rest and submaximal exercise are reduced after cessation of regular use of snuff. Evidently, the long-time adrenergic stress on circulation is reversible.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gripeteg, Lena, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Concomitant Associations of Healthy Food Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Coronary Artery Calcium
- 2018
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 122:4, s. 560-564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicting findings remain regarding associations between lifestyle behaviors and coronary artery calcium (CAC). We investigated concomitant associations of healthy food intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with CAC. Data from 706 men and women 50 to 64 years old from the Swedish SCAPIS pilot trial were analyzed. A CAC score was calculated using the Agatston method. A Healthy Food Index (HFI) was established using data from a web-based food frequency questionnaire. CRF was assessed from a bike exercise test. Regression analyses were performed with occurrence of CAC (dichotomous) and level of CAC score in patients with CAC (continuous) as outcomes. 58% had 0 CAC score. HFI was significantly associated with having no CAC (standardized coefficient β = 0.18, p <0.001) but not with level of CAC score (β = −0.09, p = 0.34). CRF showed no significant association with having no CAC (β = −0.08, p = 0.12) or with the level of CAC score (β = −0.04, p = 0.64). However, there was an interaction between HFI and CRF (β = −0.23, p = 0.02); for increasing levels of CRF there was stronger negative association between HFI and level of CAC score, reaching β = −0.48, p = 0.045 for the highest CRF level. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of a healthy food intake in combination with higher CRF to counteract CAC development.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mascher, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Nya aspekter på aminosyrors roll i den muskulära anpassningen till träning
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; 15:3, s. 56-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att tillgängligheten av protein/aminosyror är nödvändig för den muskulära anpassningen till träning vid både styrke- och uthållighetsträning. Betydligt fler studier har undersökt effekterna på styrketräning, men vid båda typer av träning är dock kunskaperna om de bakomliggande mekanismerna ännu så länge små. Genom den omfattande forskning som pågår inom området kommer med all säkerhet de molekylära och cellulära förändringar som sker i samband med träning att kartläggas inom en relativt snar framtid. Därmed öppnas nya möjligheter att förbättra och optimera träningen, t.ex. genom kombination av olika typer av aktiviteter (uthållighet och styrketräning). Denna kunskap är också avgörande för att förstå och eventuellt kunna påverka träningseffekten genom förändringar i nutritionens sammansättning.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sahlin, Kent, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated static contractions increase mitochondrial vulnerability towards oxidative stress in human skeletal muscle
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 101, s. 833-839
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repeated static contractions (RSC) induce large fluctuations in tissue oxygen tension and increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effect of RSC on muscle contractility, mitochondrial respiratory function, and in vitro sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-kinetics in human muscle. Ten male subjects performed 5 bouts of static knee extension with 10 min rest in between. Each bout of RSC (target torque 66% of maximal voluntary contraction torque, MVC) was maintained to fatigue. Muscle biopsies were taken pre-exercise and 0.3 and 24 h post-exercise from vastus lateralis. Mitochondria were isolated and respiratory function measured after incubation with H2O2 (HPX) or control medium (CON). Mitochondrial function was not affected by RSC during CON. However, RSC exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction during HPX resulting in decreased respiratory control index, decreased mitochondrial efficiency (P/O ratio) and increased non-coupled respiration (HPX/CON post vs. pre-exercise). SR Ca2+ uptake rate was lower 0.3 h vs. 24 h post-exercise, whereas SR Ca2+ release rate was unchanged. RSC resulted in long-lasting changes in muscle contractility including reduced maximal torque, low frequency fatigue (LFF) and faster torque relaxation. It is concluded that RSC increases mitochondrial vulnerability towards ROS, reduces SR Ca2+ uptake rate and causes LFF. Although conclusive evidence is lacking we suggest that these changes are related to increased formation of ROS during RSC.
|
|
