| 1. |
- Bevelander, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Employment Integration of Refugees:
- 2007
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Ingår i: IZA Discussion Paper. ; :2551, January
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This article studies the importance of local conditions for the employment integration of refugees in Sweden, this in contrast to most studies on immigrant economic integration primarily conducted on the national level or for the larger cities. The data used in the analysis is on male and female natives and twelve refugee groups for the year 2003. Besides monitoring the regional variation in employment integration of twelve refugee groups, this paper, with the use of logistic regressions, estimates the effect of individual and human capital characteristics, internal migration, municipality, local labour market and economic sector factors on the refugees’ odds of being employed. The local variations of refugees’ integration into the labour market were partly a result of internal migration, in most cases from less to more populated municipalities. The job opportunities were better in Stockholm than in other big cities like Malmö and Göteborg. The local unemployment and employment rates, a proxy for the local supply of jobs, significantly affected the individual refugees’ chances to obtain employment. This also applies to the size of the labour market through increased diversification in the supply of job openings. We also find that the structure of the local economy affected the refugees’ probability of obtaining employment. Areas with lower general education and skill levels were positively related, whereas, for example, university localities were negatively related to refugees’ employment chances. Refugees had higher probabilities of being employed in industry in less population-dense areas and in the private service sector in larger cities.
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| 2. |
- Bougas, Kostas, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation on Possibly Bioactive Titanium Surfaces in the Presence of Laminin.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research. - 2029-283X. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate calcium phosphate precipitation and the amount of precipitated protein on three potentially bioactive surfaces when adding laminin in simulated body fluid. Material and Methods: Blasted titanium discs were prepared by three different techniques claimed to provide bioactivity: alkali and heat treatment (AH), anodic oxidation (AO) or hydroxyapatite coating (HA). A blasted surface incubated in laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a positive control (B) while a blasted surface incubated in non laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a negative control (B-). The immersion time was 1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours and 1 week. Surface topography was investigated by interferometry and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Analysis of the precipitated calcium and phosphorous was performed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and the adsorbed laminin was quantified by iodine (125I) labeling. Results: SEM demonstrated that all specimens except for the negative control were totally covered with calcium phosphate (CaP) after 1 week. EDX revealed that B- demonstrated lower sum of Ca and P levels compared to the other groups after 1 week. Iodine labeling demonstrated that laminin precipitated in a similar manner on the possibly bioactive surfaces as on the positive control surface. Conclusions: Our results indicate that laminin precipitates equally on all tested titanium surfaces and may function as a nucleation center thus locally elevating the calcium concentration. Nevertheless further studies are required to clarify the role of laminin in the interaction of biomaterials with the host bone tissue.
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| 3. |
- Bougas, Kostas, et al.
(författare)
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Novel implant coating agent promotes gene expression of osteogenic markers in rats during early osseointegration
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials;579274. - Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8787. ; 2012:579274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the early bone response around laminin-1-coated titanium implants. Forty-five rats distributed in three equally sized groups were provided with one control (turned) and one test (laminin-1-coated) implant and were sacrificed after 3, 7, and 21 days. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed for osteoblast markers (alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, type I collagen, and bone morphogenic protein 2), osteoclast markers (cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 10), and integrin β1. Bone implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) were assessed and compared to the gene expression. After 3 days, the expression of bone markers was higher for the control group. After 7 days, the expression of integrin β1 and osteogenic markers was enhanced for the test group, while cathepsin K and inflammation markers were downregulated. No significant differences in BIC or BA were detected between test and control at any time point. As a conclusion, implant coating with laminin-1 altered gene expression in the bone-implant interface. However, traditional evaluation methods, as histomorphometry, were not adequately sensitive to detect such changes due to the short follow-up time.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gough, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Changing housing policy in Vietnam:
- 2009
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Ingår i: CITIES. - 0264-2751. ; 26:4, s. 175-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the housing situation of urban dwellers in Hanoi in the transition period from state housing provision to privatisation and market-driven housing. Based on field studies in a residential area of Hanoi with Soviet-style apartment blocks, the paper shows how new housing policies are contributing to strengthening inequality as ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ emerge. The entrepreneurial, the better off, and those of higher social status have encountered greater opportunities to improve their economy and housing situation. The less well-off residents, who typically have a lower social status, are losing out under the new housing policy. Unable to rely on state provision of housing, and at times denied the possibility of buying their apartments, they face an uncertain future as plans to upgrade the areas may well force them out. The youth are increasingly facing differentiated opportunities mainly dependent on the extent of parental financial support. Youth from better off households have access to housing purchased for them by their parents whereas youth from poorer families have to settle for long-term living in overcrowded parental homes. The paper shows how despite moving towards a more market-oriented economy, the new housing system is still built on old ideologies and supports the old hierarchy. Inequality is not just emerging between different housing areas but also within them.
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| 6. |
- Looström, H, et al.
(författare)
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Tramadol-induced oral dryness and pilocarpine treatment:
- 2011
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Ingår i: Archives of oral biology. - 1879-1506. ; 56:4, s. 395-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pilocarpine induces a profuse flow of saliva, and it may re-establish saliva production in cases of drug-induced oral dryness. The aim of the study (a sub-study to the previous trial investigating the pilocarpine fluid effects in individuals suffering from drug-induced dry mouth) was to search for saliva quality changes induced by the treatments. Sixty-five individuals were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The subjects received tramadol to induce oral dryness. Secretion rate was measured before and after tramadol, and then after pilocarpine, placebo, or no treatment. All saliva was analyzed for its protein and IgA content in the pilocarpine (n=15) and placebo groups (n=12). At baseline, the flow of saliva was 0.47±0.05ml/min, the protein output 0.17±0.2mg/min and the IgA output 0.022±0.002mg/min. After tramadol treatment (50mg 3×/day over two days), the flow was reduced by 64%, protein output by 52% and the IgA output by 38%. While placebo treatment did not affect any of the variables, the flow was 120%, the protein output 193% and the IgA output 83% of the baseline characteristics after pilocarpine treatment (5mg). Thus, the pilocarpine-induced increase in the flow rate in the state of tramadol-induced oral dryness results in saliva with a well preserved protein concentration but with a decrease in IgA concentration. However, compared to baseline, there was neither a decrease in output nor in concentration of IgA.
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| 7. |
- Nordanstig, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument VascuQoL in a Swedish setting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - BioMed Central. - 1477-7525. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Traditional outcome measures in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) provide insufficient information regarding patient benefit. It has therefore been suggested to add patient-reported outcome measures. The main aim of this study was to validate the Swedish Vascular Quality of Life questionnaire (VascuQoL) version, a patient-reported PAD-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. Methods: Two-hundred PAD patients were consecutively recruited from two university hospitals. Out of the 200 subjects, 129 had intermittent claudication and 71 had critical limb ischemia. Mean age was 70 +/- 9 y and 57% of the participants were male. All patients completed SF-36 and VascuQoL at the vascular outpatient clinic, when evaluated for invasive treatment. Risk factors and physiological parameters were registered. Construct validity was tested by correlation analysis versus SF-36 and was also assessed with multitrait/multi-item scaling analysis (MTMI). Sensitivity analysis regarding disease severity identification was performed. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and responsiveness by standardized response mean (SRM) calculations. Results: Significant correlations were demonstrated between relevant subscales of VascuQoL and SF-36. MTMI showed acceptable construct validity, but some scaling-errors. VascuQoL significantly (p < 0.001) discriminated claudicants from critical limb ischemia patients. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 and SRM 1.02 (sum score). Conclusions: The Swedish version of VascuQoL is valid and quantifies central aspects of HRQoL in PAD patients. Sensitivity analysis showed high ability to differentiate between disease severity and SRM illustrated excellent responsiveness. The relative abundance of items however makes use in the everyday clinical setting somewhat difficult.
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| 8. |
- Rosa, Marcio Borges, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of surface treatment on the implant roughness pattern
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Oral Science. - 1678-7757. ; 20:5, s. 550-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important parameter for the clinical success of dental implants is the formation of direct contact between the implant and surrounding bone, whose quality is directly influenced by the implant surface roughness. A screw-shaped design and a surface with an average roughness of Sa of 1-2 µm showed a better result. The combination of blasting and etching has been a commonly used surface treatment technique. The versatility of this type of treatment allows for a wide variation in the procedures in order to obtain the desired roughness. OBJECTIVES: To compare the roughness values and morphological characteristics of 04 brands of implants, using the same type of surface treatment. In addition, to compare the results among brands, in order to assess whether the type of treatment determines the values and the characteristics of implant surface roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three implants were purchased directly from each selected company in the market, i.e., 03 Brazilian companies (Biomet 3i of Brazil, Neodent and Titaniumfix) and 01 Korean company (Oneplant). The quantitative or numerical characterization of the roughness was performed using an interferometer. The qualitative analysis of the surface topography obtained with the treatment was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy images. RESULTS: The evaluated implants showed a significant variation in roughness values: Sa for Oneplant was 1.01 µm; Titaniumfix reached 0.90 µm; implants from Neodent 0.67 µm, and Biomet 3i of Brazil 0.53 µm. Moreover, the SEM images showed very different patterns for the surfaces examined. CONCCLUSIONS: The surface treatment alone is not able to determine the roughness values and characteristics.
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| 9. |
- Schwartz Filho, Humberto Osvaldo, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of laminin-1-doped nanoroughened implant surfaces : :
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials;305638. - Hindawi. - 1687-8787. ; 2012:305638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This study aimed to observe the morphological and molecular effect of laminin-1 doping to nanostructured implant surfaces in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods. Nanostructured implants were coated with laminin-1 (test; dilution, 100 μg/mL) and inserted into the rabbit tibiae. Noncoated implants were used as controls. After 2 weeks of healing, the implants were removed and subjected to morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gene expression analysis using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. SEM revealed bony tissue attachment for both control and test implants. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of osteoblast markers RUNX-2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen I was higher (1.62-fold, 1.53-fold, 1.97-fold, and 1.04-fold, resp.) for the implants modified by laminin-1 relative to the control. All osteoclast markers investigated in the study presented higher expression on the test implants than controls as follows: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (1.67-fold), calcitonin receptor (1.35-fold), and ATPase (1.25-fold). The test implants demonstrated higher expression of inflammatory markers interleukin-10 (1.53-fold) and tumour necrosis factor-α (1.61-fold) relative to controls. Conclusion. The protein-doped surface showed higher gene expression of typical genes involved in the osseointegration cascade than the control surface.
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| 10. |
- Sinkiewicz, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of dietary supplementation with lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 34:4, s. 197-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av Lactobacillus reuteri i saliv ef- ter användandet av ett probiotiskt kosttillskott innehållande L. reuteri samt fastställa om L. reuteri har effekt på plackindex (PlI) samt på den supra- och subgingivala mikrofloran. Studien var dubbelblind, randomiserad, placebokontrollerad och löpte över 12 veckor. Totalt deltog 23 friska individer randomiserade i test- respektive kontrollgrupp. I försöket testades placebotuggummi mot tuggummi med L. reuteri (ATCC 55730 och ATCC PTA 5289). Tuggummi togs 2 gånger per dag, morgon och kväll efter tandborstning. Startda- gen och efter 12 veckor samlades vilosaliv samt plack supra- och subgingivalt. Dessutom bedömdes plackindex enligt Silness & Löe på 4 indextänder mesialt och distalt. Efter ytterligare 4 veckor gjordes en uppföljning med prov på saliv och bedömning av plack på indextänderna. Mikrobiologisk analys utfördes med hjälp av checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridiseringsteknik samt odling på selektiva medier för bestämning av laktobacill- populationen. Totala laktobacillhalten i saliv ökade signifikant i båda grupperna (p<0,05) med en signifikant ökning av L. reuteri i testgruppen (p=0,008). Efter 16 veckor påträffades ingen L. reuteri i saliv. Kontrollgruppen visade en signifikant ökning av PII efter 12 veckor (p=0,023), medan testgruppen inte visade någon förändring. I båda grupperna regist- rerades en signifikant ökning supra- och subgingivalt av de flesta bakteriearter, men det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna för undersökta bakterier. Kvoten mellan ”onda/goda” supragingivala bakterier minskade i testgruppen men var inte sig- nifikant. Motsvarande kvot för subgingivala bakterier minskade signifikant i båda grup- perna. Slutsats: Intag av L. reuteri resulterade i förekomst av L. reuteri i saliv men bakterien måste tillföras kontinuerligt. Ingen signifikant förändring i den undersökta supra- och subgingivala mikrofloran kunde påvisas. Den signifikanta ökningen i PlI i kontrollgruppen utan motsvarande förändring i testgruppen kan tyda på en probiotisk effekt av L. reuteri i denna population
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