| 1. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Practising Peer Review in Organizations: a Qualifier for Knowledge Dissemination and Legitimization
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology. - London : SAGE Publications. ; 16:2, s. 99-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key issue in many organizations is how to disseminate information in an effective way and, more importantly, how to make use of this information in order to create new knowledge. One way of addressing this problem is to focus on how information is socially transformed into knowledge. This includes how knowledge is handled in practice and how the knowledge produced is quali ed as being something worth knowing and acting upon. Two well-established practices for doing this are the refereeing system and the peer review process. These are used in scienti c communities as a means of validating and legitimating knowledge, for example by reviewing journal papers before publishing or project proposals before granting funds, etc. This paper argues that peer review is a useful concept when looking at knowledge creation and legitimization in organizations. The social meaning of peer review is to legitimize new knowledge by organizationally sanctioning it and thereby creating a platform for collective sense making. This paper uses an example from a eld study in a pharmaceutical company in order to illustrate this argument. The study took place in a quality support department where the quality of health care products and processes was assessed. The organization had a need for fast and reliable updating of information that could in uence how the production process of pharmaceuticals should be carried out. In order to cope with these problems the department established an ‘evaluation loop’, which shared several characteristics with the peer review process.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
The Power of Gifts: Organizing Social Relationships in Open Source Communities
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Information Systems Journal. - Chichester : Wiley. ; 11:4, s. 305-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In writings on the open source software development model, it is often argued that it is successful as a result of the gift economy that embraces activities in online communities. However, the theoretical foundations for this argument are seldom discussed and empirically tested. Starting with the ‘classic’ theories of gift giving, we discuss how they need to be developed in order to explain giftgiving practices in digital domains. In this paper, we argue that the gift economy is important, not only because it creates openness, but also because it organizes relationships between people in a certain way. Open source software development relies on gift giving as a way of getting new ideas and prototypes out into circulation. This also implies that the giver gets power from giving away. This power is used as a way of guaranteeing the quality of the code. We relate this practice to how gifts, in the form of new scientific knowledge, are given to the research community, and how this is done through peer review processes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Henriksson, Jens, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Structured Evaluation of Deep Neural Network Supervisors
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing, AITest 2019. - New York : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728104928 ; 1
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have improved the quality of several non-safety related products in the past years. However, before DNNs should be deployed to safety-critical applications, their robustness needs to be systematically analyzed. A common challenge for DNNs occurs when input is dissimilar to the training set, which might lead to high confidence predictions despite proper knowledge of the input. Several previous studies have proposed to complement DNNs with a supervisor that detects when inputs are outside the scope of the network. Most of these supervisors, however, are developed and tested for a selected scenario using a specific performance metric. In this work, we emphasize the need to assess and compare the performance of supervisors in a structured way. We present a framework constituted by four datasets organized in six test cases combined with seven evaluation metrics. The test cases provide varying complexity and include data from publicly available sources as well as a novel dataset consisting of images from simulated driving scenarios. The latter we plan to make publicly available. Our framework can be used to support DNN supervisor evaluation, which in turn could be used to motive development, validation, and deployment of DNNs in safety-critical applications.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hylving, Lena, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Putting Phronesis to Work in Digital Innovation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - New York : IEEE. - 9780769556703
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses the Aristotelian concept of phronesis (practical wisdom) as a sensitizing device to explore digital materiality in relation to user experience. We studied a digital innovation called Prudence, and observed that it possesses material properties including sensitivity to particulars, interactive ability, open-mindedness, and future orientation, making it context-aware. These properties quintessentially enabled the solution to be 'phronetic', and attune to its user's flow of activities and routines, to deliver 'good' user experiences. The study provides an opportunity for extending and strengthening current and emergent theories on digital materiality by incorporating phronesis as a vital ingredient to understand experiential computing. It also highlights the importance of embracing value-rationality to attain the kind of user delight that goes beyond what can be pre-defined in a specification. Overall, the paper contributes to show the fruitfulness of appropriating the notion of phronesis into the field of digital innovation.
|
|
