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EDUCATION BY THE NUMBERS AND THE MAKING OF SOCIETY : The Expertise of International Assessments
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International statistical comparisons of nations have become commonplace in the contemporary landscape of education policy and social science. This book discusses the emergence of these international comparisons as a particular style of reasoning about education, society and science. By examining how international educational assessments have come to dominate much of contemporary policymaking concerning school system performance, the authors provide concrete case studies highlighting the preeminent role of numbers in furthering neoliberal education reform. Demonstrating how numbers serve as ‘rationales’ to shape and fashion social issues, this text opens new avenues for thinking about institutional and epistemological factors that produce and shape educational policy, research and schooling in transnational contexts.
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| 2. |
- Elde Mølstad, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative reasoning: curriculum making in the 'grey zone
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 45th Congress of the Nordic Educational Research Association (NERA), 23-25 March 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Curriculum making concerns the possibility to decide and prescribe purposes, aims, and contents of schooling, but also how these purposes, aims and contents are legitimized. As such, we see curriculum making from the ‘wide’ interpretation of curriculum. We are in relation to curriculum making especially interested in investigating how some important international actors interact with educational purposes, aims, and contents on a world scale level affecting national level, as well as the very local of educational activities. Hence we are interested in investigating curriculum formulation based on comparative statistical reasoning. The actors we are most interested in are those that have been characterized as ‘grey zone’ actors (Lindblad, Pettersson & Popkewitz, 2015). The idea (and term) of the ‘grey zone’ emerged from a previous review of research and organizations using data from international largeVscale assessments (ILSA) (Lindblad et al., 2015) for comparing education systems. These ‘grey zone’ actors have only at best an indirect mandate in education systems, however they still make explicit statements on how to improve schooling and students’ performances; i.e. a form of curriculum making. It is the indirect mandate combined with relatively strong impact on the governing of education that place these actors in the ‘grey zone’. There are at least three important actors that stood out in terms of activities spread to a world scale level; the McKinsey, the OECD and the Pearson Company, which all have arisen as important nodes for knowledge on what education is perceived as and maybe more importantly, should be. Their position within education is further reinforced by the comparative and data driven aspects of the contemporary society (cf. Pettersson, Popkewitz & Lindblad, 2016). We examine, three, what we call ‘grey zone’ activities involved in curriculum formulation and how a specific reasoning (cf. Hacking, 1992) is used and evolves in these activities: i) the McKinsey producing international reports on educational improvements and developments. Within the terminology of McKinsey recommendations are produced for these purposes: ii) the OECD not only producing ILSA and recommendations, but also producing newsletters where the results of ILSA are mediated and communicated to policy, research and practice: iii) the Pearson Company not only the winner of the open tender to perform PISA 2018, but also the producer of a vast amount of websites for school development within the frameworks of The Learning Curve (TLC) and The Efficacy Framework as well as producing school textbooks. Hence we investigate how these activities frame education defining what content curriculum making should focus on and as such making prerequisites on what education is and should be perceived as. All three of these agencies can be discussed in terms of producing activities important for curriculum making in the ‘wider’ sense of the concept. By analyzing products by the agencies we are in a position to highlight them as important sites for curriculum making on an international level. In our study we especially highlight these products in terms of producing a specific reasoning about education, which creates narratives framing curriculum making on a national as well as on a local school level
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| 4. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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International Comparisons of School Results: A Systematic Review of Research on Large Scale Assessments in Education
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avsikten med denna systematiska forskningsöversikt är att beskriva och analysera forskning om internationella jämförelser av skolresultat genom storskaliga studier (International Large Scale Assessments, ILSA). Hur är kunskapsläget och vad kännetecknar forskningsfältet? Vilken relevans har forskningen? Vad betyder systematiska forskningsöversikter för kunskapsutveckling och expertis inom utbildningsområdet? Vår genomgång inriktades på OECDs forskningsprogram PISA (Programme for Individual Study Assessment), och IEAs (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement ) två program TIMSS ( Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) och CIVED/ICCS ( International Civic and Citizenship Education Study) till vilka sammanlagt närmare 9000 publikationer kunde knytas. I olika steg filtrerades publikationerna så att vi slutligen erhöll studier som kunde klassificeras som primärforskning av internationell komparativt slag i ”peer reviewade” vetenskapliga tidskrifter. Dessa studier kodades med fokus på argument och belägg. Det kartlagda forskningsfältet syntetiserades sedan inom avgränsade fområden. Vi identifierade vissa sätt att resonera inom forskningsfältet - som resonemangs-stilar där vissa slutledningar är giltiga men inte andra. Möjligheter och begränsningar att översätta den aktuella forskningen till praktisk verksamhet undersöktes dels med avseende på vad som skrevs i de aktuella publikationerna, dels genom specialundersökning av den betydelsefulla gråzon där PISA-resultat översattes till ranking av utbildningsystem och strategier för förbättringar av dessa system. Slutsatser drogs om hur den valda modellen för forskningsgenomgångar fungerade. Vidare diskuterades premisser och konsekvenser av systematiska forskningsgenomgångar och hur de kan utnyttjas.
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| 5. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Internationella Jämförelser av skolresultat
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kort sammanfattning: Avsikten med denna systematiska forskningsöversikt är att beskriva och analysera forskning om internationella jämförelser av skolresultat genom storskaliga studier (International Large Scale Assessments, ILSA). Hur är kunskapsläget och vad kännetecknar forskningsfältet? Vilken relevans har forskningen? Vad betyder systematiska forskningsöversikter för kunskapsutveckling och expertis inom utbildningsområdet? Vår genomgång inriktades på OECDs forskningsprogram PISA (Programme for Individual Study Assessment), och IEAs (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement ) två program TIMSS ( Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) och CIVED/ICCS ( International Civic and Citizenship Education Study) till vilka sammanlagt närmare 9000 publikationer kunde knytas. I olika steg filtrerades publikationerna så att vi slutligen erhöll studier som kunde klassificeras som primärforskning av internationell komparativt slag i ”peer reviewade” vetenskapliga tidskrifter. Dessa studier kodades med fokus på argument och belägg. Det kartlagda forskningsfältet syntetiserades sedan inom avgränsade fområden. Vi identifierade vissa sätt att resonera inom forskningsfältet - som resonemangs-stilar där vissa slutledningar är giltiga men inte andra. Möjligheter och begränsningar att översätta den aktuella forskningen till praktisk verksamhet undersöktes dels med avseende på vad som skrevs i de aktuella publikationerna, dels genom specialundersökning av den gråzon där PISA-resultat översattes till ranking av utbildningsystem och strategier för förbättringar av dessa system. Slutsatser drogs om hur den valda modellen för forskningsgenomgångar fungerade. Vidare diskuterades premisser och konsekvenser av systematiska forskningsgenomgångar och hur de kan utnyttjas.
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| 6. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Os poderes comparativos dos números e o conhecimento antecipado do número na educação
- 2020
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Ingår i: Curriculo sem Fronteiras. - : Curriculo sem Fronteiras. - 1645-1384. ; 20:1, s. 9-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents notes on the role of numbers in the construction of subjects, schools and educational policies, also about what they are and what they should be. Understanding numbers as social constructions, a type of socially validated language based on scientific studies, reflections are raised on how numbers catalyze objective and subjective restructuringin educational systems and in their subjects, in a global perspective, due to large-scale international assessments. Numbers enabled new paradigms of comparison between national school systems, which are no longer focused on comprehensive aspects, to emphasize competitive and hierarchical aspects, such as large-scale international assessmentsand the numbers that they provide give new senses for what education is and what it should be. © 2020 Curriculo sem Fronteiras. All rights reserved.
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- Lindblad, Sverker, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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"Who are we writing for?": On Research Publishing in Comparative Studies Based on International Large-Scale Assessments.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sisyphus. - Lissabon : Universidade de Lisboa. - 2182-9640. ; 11:2, s. 139-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is based on an interest in interaction between science and society and how this structures science and society in tandem. In order to capture such interaction, we are analysing statements in scientific publications. The purpose of this study is to analyse relevancing in scientific publications by studying who are addressed by the research contributions and why these are considered to be relevant. Our case is the field of research labelled as International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSA), such as the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), created to analyse relations between educational designs and student performances. We identified a large set of research publications by means of the search engines Web of Science and Scopus. We selected publications that were peer reviewed and based on empirical comparisons between at least two countries. A large majority were only analysing student achievement, and few were researching impacts of educational variations. Relevance statements were mostly addressing policymakers. These findings are indicating strong social structuring of much ILSA research.
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| 8. |
- Pettersson, Daniel, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Education Governance by Numbers.
- 2019
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Ingår i: In: Langer R., Brüsemeister T. (eds) Handbuch Educational Governance Theorien. Educational Governance, vol 43. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. - Wiesbaden, Germany : Springer VS. - 9783658222369 - 9783658222376 ; , s. 691-710
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our interest is on historically how numbers become a preferred mode of telling the truth about schooling, teachers, pupils, and their relation to society. Numbers are here parts of communication systems whose technologies create distances from phenomena by appearing to summarize complex events and transactions. The seemingly technical appearances of the numbers enter into cultural realms that are never merely numbers but codifications and standardization of what are to constitute ‘reality’ and planning which affect several activities taking place within education. The different activities inscribe rules and standards by which experiences are classified, problems located, and procedures given to order what is ‘seen’, thought about, and acted on. We perform this task by especially discussing the role played by international, regional and national assessments in promoting a reasoning based on numbers affecting educational governance.
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| 9. |
- Pettersson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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In the grey zone: large-scale assessment-based activities betwixt and between policy, research and practice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-0317. ; Volume 3:1, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper elaborates on a systematic research review containing 11,000 articles on international large-scale assessment (ILSA) research. Several activities operating under the ‘formal radar’ of science and governmental policy are observed, which we analytically name ‘grey zone’ activities. These activities are historicised, presented and discussed. An analytical division into three different reasons for performing the activities is made: an entrepreneurial policy reason, an entrepreneurial profitable reason and an appurtenance reason. This division highlights some of the actors in the educational grey zone. The paper is theoretical and elaborative, and contains examples of the activities that can be found in a grey zone.
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