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- Andersson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Career in Swedish Retail
- 2016
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- A career in retailing is to a large extent a boundaryless career. A career in retail does not limit the individual to a single organisation, to a single role/position, or to a hierarchical rung on the organisational ladder. Both co-workers and managers move quite easily among organisations within the same retail area, between different retail areas, and in and out of the retail sector.• In the past, the description of retailing as a transitory employment sector has had a negative connotation. Yet this description can also have quite a positive connotation. For example, experience acquired in the retail sector can be very useful in other work sectors. Moreover, people working in retail are generally motivated by job security, a job that is possible to combine to leisure/family, and a job close to home. They are typically much less motivated by traditional career advancement opportunities, the exercise of power over others, and by the desire to make decisions.• People working in retail have a rather limited interest in becoming managers in part because their major work motivators are not the motivators one usually associates with management career paths.• Gender is a relatively weak distinguishing variable in terms of retail careers, but there are some statistically significant – yet small – differences in the work characteristics of men and women in retail. For example, women in retail prioritize work-life balance, the proximity of workplace to home, and outside interests more than men in retail. These priorities have a limiting effect on their opportunities to accept managerial positions and to follow traditional, upward career paths.• There are more women than men working in the retail sector today, but a larger percentage of men in management positions. However, this cannot be explained by differences between the motivations of men and women to become managers or in their attitudes towards their own managerial capabilities. The explanation lies in other, more indirect factors such as the expectations of today’s managers.• Women generally earn less than men in the retail sector. This inequality is especially evident when differences in work responsibilities exist (e.g., specialized areas, subbranches, management tasks).• There is some general scepticism among employees in the retail sector as far as the extent to which their employers are willing to commit to their well-being and development. This finding has important practical implications when employees sense a lack of employer commitment to them.• People outside retail sector generally have a more negative picture of the retail sector than the people within the sector. People in the retail sector are relatively satisfied and think their work is varied and interesting.• The number of women at the lower management levels (at the store-level) is increasing. Because of this trend, which is expected to continue, in the relatively near future there may be as many female managers as male managers at this level. However, at the upper management levels in retail, there are more than ten men for every woman and no indications of change.• Job security is the most important career anchor for retail employees in Sweden. This finding has very important practical implications because job security is typically not associated with employment in the retail sector. It is a factor that can be an important consideration for retailers.
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- Kazemi, Ali, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness and distributive goal on preferred allocations in public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two experiments investigated allocation preferences in symmetric public good di-lemmas. In Experiment1 where 20 undergraduates participated in 5-person groups, it was found that fairness conceptions were a significant predictor of how participants allocated the public good to their group. 60 undergraduates partici-pated in Experiment 2 aimed at studying the impact of goals of economic produc-tivity, social concern, and harmony on participants’ allocation preferences. Groups with economic productivity as their goal allocated the resource according to equity, groups with social concern as their goal allocated the resource accord-ing to equal treatment, and groups with harmony as their goal allocated the re-source according to equal final outcomes. These findings suggest that in a public good dilemma people apply the allocation principle that serves a particular goal, independently of their perceptions of fair allocations.
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- Kazemi, Ali, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness, group goal, and self-interest on allocation preferences in step-level public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two experiments the prediction was tested that salience of fairness and group goal (economic productivity, social concern, or harmony) reduces the influence of self-interest on preferences for different principles (equity, equal treatment, or equal final outcomes) of distributing the outcomes accrued when a sufficient number contributes in a step-level public good dilemma. In Experiment 1, it was found that perceived fairness of allocation principles increased their perceived in-strumentality. Neither allocation instrumentality nor fairness varied with group goal or self-interest. In Experiment 2, the group goal of economic productivity in-creased fairness of allocations according to equity, and the group goal of social concern increased fairness of allocations according to equality and equal final outcomes. Perceived fairness and group goal were both related to allocation pref-erences. Self-interest had no effects on perceived fairness of allocation prefer-ences.
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- Kazemi, Ali, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The interplay between greed, fairness, and group goal in allocation preferences for public goods
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effects of group goal on allocation decisions have previously been studied in symmetric public good dilemmas. With the aim of generalizing the results to asymmetric public good dilemmas where differences in individual needs are more salient, seventy-two undergraduates participating in a one-shot public good dilemma were asked to distribute the good in order to achieve different group goals. As expected, when the group goal was economic productivity, allocations corresponded more to equity, when the group goal was harmony, allocations corresponded more to equality, and when the group goal was social concern, allocations corresponded more to need. The results support the assumption that salience of group goal minimizes the effects of greed on allocations, and that perceived fairness explains why people pursuing a certain group goal tend to prefer a specific allocation strategy in distributing public goods.
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- Roos, John Magnus, 1976
(författare)
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Konsumtionsrapporten 2013
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Konsumtionsrapporten 2013 sammanfattas och analyseras hushållens privata konsumtion i Sverige under 2012. Rapporten består av två delar. I den första delen, ”Basfakta”, ges en helhetsbild av hushållens konsumtion som baseras på offentlig statistik från Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) och hur nöjda svenska konsumenter är med sina liv baserat på statistik från SOM-institutet. Den andra delen belyser några konsumtionsområden av särskilt intresse. I slutet presenteras detaljerad statistik i bilagor.
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