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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Högskolan i Skövde > Sjöström Björn

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1.
  • Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • A comparative study of nurses' and elderly patients' ratings of pain and pain tolerance.
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Journal of gerontological nursing. - 0098-9134 .- 1938-243X. ; 25:5, s. 30-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to compare elderly patients' and nurses' ratings of pain and pain tolerance. Data were collected through structured interviews with the patients. The attending nurses completed a questionnaire after conducting a pain assessment. Independent of each other, patients and nurses were asked to rate on a VAS when pain should be treated (pain tolerance) and pain intensity. The VAS has been used both by patients and nurses. The initial selection consisted of 43 patients; however, 9% (n = 4) were unable to complete the VAS. These patients were not significantly older than those who completed the study (n = 39). The results shows that nurses tend to overestimate mild pain and underestimate severe pain. Nurses rated pain tolerance significantly lower than patients. The results also suggest that nurses with training beyond basic nursing education tend to assess patients' pain more accurately than those without additional training. For patients who reported that they had pain prior to hospitalization, the nurses' pain ratings showed a higher agreement than for those who reported that they did not have pain before being hospitalized. At the time of the interviews, 21% (n = 8) of patients felt that their pain was so great they needed treatment. Those patients also were recognized by the attending nurses as being in pain. To improve elderly patients' pain management, practicing nurses must collaborate with researchers to develop specific empirical research nursing knowledge within geriatric pain management. This research-based knowledge should be incorporated into nurses' clinical practice regarding pain management. Specific guidelines must be developed for the assessment, treatment, and documentation of elderly patients' pain.
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2.
  • Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification of the pain terms hurt, ache and pain among nursing students.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:2, s. 163-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative meaning nursing students ascribe to the pain terms hurt (ont), ache (v?rk) and pain (sm?rta). In total, 549 nursing students filled in a questionnaire including questions about age, gender, and health care work experience. The students were also requested to rate response using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) rating for different statements about hurt, ache and pain. The results show that there were significant differences (p < 0.001) between rated intensity of the statements of hurt, ache and pain. There were, however, large variations in the students' ratings of the pain terms; hurt ranged from 3 to 97 mm, ache from 7 to 97 mm and pain from 27 to 100 mm. There were no significant differences between male and female students regarding their ratings of hurt and ache when they were used to describe the worst self-experienced pain. Female students rated their experience of pain significantly higher (p < 0.001) on the VAS compared with male students. There was no significant correlation between previous experience of health care work and rated intensity of hurt, ache and pain. In conclusion, this study shows that there exist significant differences between the pain terms hurt, ache and pain according to a rating on a VAS. However, the results also demonstrate that there are large individual variations in how the students quantify the fictitious patient statements of hurt, ache and pain.
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3.
  • Bergh, Ingrid, et al. (författare)
  • Smärta hos äldre : Skattningsskalor – förekomst och verbala uttryck för smärta och smärtlindring
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Incitament: för en hälso- & sjukvård i förvandling. - : Incitament. - 1103-503X. ; 12:7, s. 642-644:7, s. 516-518
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Smärta är inte en del av det normala åldrandet, men många äldre drabbas av sjukdomar som leder till smärta. Smärta är en subjektiv sensorisk och emotionell obehagsupplevelse med faktisk eller potentiell vävnadsskada. Varje person upplever smärta på sitt sätt och denna uppfattning får avgörande betydelse för hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan förhålla sig till människor med smärta.Utgångspunkten för denna avhandling var att studera smärtförekomst bland äldre och att evaluera användandet av smärtskalor. Våra resultat visar att skattningsskalor kan vara till hjälp.Artikeln baserad på Ingrid Berghs avhandling: Pain in the elderly - Rating scales, prevalence and verbal expression of pain relief
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4.
  • Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al. (författare)
  • Ways of talking about experiences of pain among older patients following orthopaedic surgery.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Journal of advanced nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 52:4, s. 351-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of this study was to examine how older patients who had undergone hip surgery described their experience of pain. BACKGROUND: A verbal report of pain is considered to be the single most reliable indicator of a person's pain experience. When assessing pain, healthcare professionals must be able to interpret the content of pain reports in order to understand older patient's pain experiences. METHODS: The study was carried out in two orthopaedic and two elder care wards in a large university hospital in Sweden in 2000. Altogether, 38 patients with hip replacement (mean age = 75) and 22 patients with hip fracture (mean age = 81) took part. A face-to-face interview was conducted with each patient on the second day after operation. Data were transcribed and analysed using descriptive qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS: Participants expressed their pain in a nuanced and detailed way in everyday language. Four main themes with sub-themes emerged: (a) objectification (localizing; quantifying; characterizing; temporalizing); (b) compensating (substitution; picturing); (c) explaining (functionalizing pain and its relief; externalizing pain and its relief); (d) existentializing (present pain orientation; future pain orientation). CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the ways older patients talk about pain is expected to result in a better understanding of the older patient's need of empathic individualized care and in the optimization of pain management.
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5.
  • Bergh, Ingrid, et al. (författare)
  • Worst experiences of pain and conceptions of worst pain imaginable among nursing students
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 61:5, s. 484-491
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is a report of a study to explore nursing students' own worst experiences of pain as well as their conceptions of the worst pain imaginable. Background.Pain is a personal experience, often assessed using a visual analogue scale. The endpoints of this scale are labelled with the extremes for pain experience (e.g. no pain to worst pain imaginable). People may understand the meaning of `no pain', but it is unclear what meaning they assign to `worst pain imaginable'. This indicates that a rating along the Visual Analogue Scale-line is dependent on the individual's previous experiences. Methods. Data were collected during the autumn of 2002. In total, 549 nursing students completed a questionnaire focusing on two main questions: `What is the worst experience of hurt, ache or pain you have had?' and `What is the worst pain imaginable for you?' Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results. The students' worst experience of pain was mostly related to acute or traumatic painful conditions, pain associated with female physiology, inflicted pain, psychological suffering and chronic painful conditions. The worst pain imaginable was described as condition-related pain, overwhelming pain, experiences of losses, deliberately inflicted pain, psychological suffering and as vicarious pain. Conclusion. The findings imply that nursing students, when they are imagining pain, include dimensions such as hope of relief, grief, control over the situation, powerlessness and empathy for and suffer with other people's pain. Further research is needed to explore why professional experience as a nurse diminishes the ability to imagine patients' pain.
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6.
  • Ene Wickström, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Pain, psychological distress and health-related quality of life at baseline and 3 months after radical prostatectomy.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: BMC Nurs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 5:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Inadequate management of postoperative pain is common, and postoperative pain is a risk factor for prolonged pain. In addition to medical and technical factors, psychological factors may also influence the experience of postoperative pain. METHODS: Pain was measured postoperatively at 24, 48, and 72 hr in hospital and after 3 months at home in 140 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients answered questionnaires about anxiety and depression (HAD scale) and health-related quality of life (SF-36) at baseline and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: In the first 3 postoperative days, mild pain was reported by 45 patients (32%), moderate pain by 64 (45%), and severe pain by 31 (22%) on one or more days. High postoperative pain scores were correlated with length of hospital stay and with high pain scores at home. Forty patients (29%) reported moderate (n = 35) or severe (n = 5) pain after discharge from hospital. Patients who experienced anxiety and depression preoperatively had higher postoperative pain scores and remained anxious and depressed 3 months after surgery. The scores for the physical domains in the SF-36 were decreased, while the mental health scores were increased at 3 months. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with all domains of the SF-36. CONCLUSION: There is a need for nurses to be aware of the psychological status of RP patients and its impact upon patients' experience of postoperative pain and recovery. The ability to identify patients with psychological distress and to target interventions is an important goal for future research.
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7.
  • Ene Wickström, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Postoperative pain management - the influence of surgical ward nurses.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 17:15, s. 2042-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To compare pain levels reported by patients with those documented by ward nurses and to find out to what extent the amount of opioids given correlated with the pain level. Secondly, to study if pain management and nurses' approaches to this task had improved during a two-year period, including an educational pain treatment program for ward staff. BACKGROUND: The management of postoperative pain continues to remain problematic and unsatisfactory and ward nurses play an important role for this task. DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive, two-part study based on survey data from both patients and nurses on two urology surgical wards. METHODS: Part I of the study included 77 patients and 19 nurses. Part II took place approximately two years later and included 141 patients and 22 nurses. Data were collected the day after surgery by asking patients about 'worst pain' experienced. The pain scores given by the patients were compared with those documented in the patients' records and with the doses of opioids administered. Nurses' approaches to pain management were sought after, by using a categorical questionnaire. RESULTS: The nurses' ability to assess pain in accordance with the patients' reports had increased slightly after two years even if and the number of documented pain scores had decreased. Forty per cent of the nurses reported that they did not use visual analogue scale and that they did not assess pain at both rest and activity, neither did one fourth evaluate the effect of given analgesics. CONCLUSION: The study showed a discrepancy in pain scoring between nurses and patients, where active treatment was related to nurses' documentation rather than to patients' scoring. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study shows a need for more accurate pain assessment, since the patient experiences and suffers pain and the nurse determines upon treatment.
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8.
  • Ene Wickström, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Prediction of postoperative pain after radical prostatectomy.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: BMC Nurs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a belief that the amount of pain perceived is merely directly proportional to the extent of injury. The intensity of postoperative pain is however influenced by multiple factors aside from the extent of trauma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative factors that have been shown to predict postoperative pain and the self-reports of pain intensity in a population of 155 men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), and also to investigate if previous pain score could predict the subsequent pain score.
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9.
  • Engqvist, Inger, et al. (författare)
  • Strategies in caring for women with postpartum psychosis--an interview study with psychiatric nurses.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of clinical nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 16:7, s. 1333-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore strategies in caring for women with postpartum psychosis used by nurses. BACKGROUND: The most serious type of psychiatric illness in connection with childbirth is postpartum psychosis. Nearly two in 1000 newly delivered women are stricken by postpartum psychosis. Most of these patients need psychiatric care to recover. While earlier studies point to the need for psychiatric care, knowledge of specific nursing strategies in caring for postpartum psychosis patients remains limited. METHODS: Interviews with 10 experienced psychiatric nurses were carried out, transcribed verbatim and an inductive content analysis was made. RESULT: The main strategies for care found in this study were: (i) To create a patient-nurse relationship and (ii) To apply nursing therapeutic interventions. Presence, continuity and nurse-patient partnership contributed to create a relationship and incorporate the rest of the care team. To satisfy the patients' basic needs and feeling of security was the foundation of the nursing therapeutic interventions. Confirmation and giving hope were also used as nursing therapeutics as well as information to the patient and her relatives about her illness. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of the study is that strategies used by nurses are a combination of general and psychiatric nursing approaches but the specificity in caring knowledge for caring patients with postpartum psychosis requires further development. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The result of the study indicates that it is important to organize patient care for postpartum psychosis with continuity and consistency and to support the nurse to create a relationship and therapeutic intervention with the patient. The present study shows the importance of further developing specific nursing theories that can be applied when caring for patients with postpartum psychosis. It also shows the need for further pedagogical education for mental health nurses.
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10.
  • Larsson, Inga, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Patient participation in nursing care from a patient perspective: a Grounded Theory study.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:3, s. 313-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • the study's rationale: Patients' active participation in their own care is expected to contribute to increased motivation to improve their own condition, better treatment results and greater satisfaction with received care. Knowledge of patients' understanding of participation is of great importance for nurses in their efforts to meet patient expectations and for quality of nursing care. AIM: The aim was to explore the meaning of patient participation in nursing care from a patient point of view. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION: Six tape-recorded focus group interviews with 26 Swedish informants described opinions on and experiences of patient participation. The informants consisted of patients in somatic inpatient care as well as discharged patients from such a setting. The Grounded Theory method was used and the data were analysed using constant comparative analysis. ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL: The ethics of scientific work was followed. Each study participant gave informed consent after verbal and written information. The Ethics Committee of Göteborg University approved the study. FINDINGS: The patients emphasised the importance of collaboration to improve participation. The core category, Insight through consideration, was generated from four inter-related categories: (i) Obliging atmosphere; (ii) Emotional response; (iii) Concordance; and (iv) Rights and their 15 subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: The meaning structures of patient participation in nursing care revealed from a patient point of view, seemed to mainly consist of not only external factors presented by the institutions -- by the professionals -- but also internal patient factors. The patients' view of participation should be considered to a greater degree in nursing practice and education, as should also further development of nursing care policy programmes, evaluation and quality assurance criteria. For further development, studies are needed in similar and other settings.
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