| 1. |
- Bernin, Diana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-scale characterization of pasta during cooking using microscopy and real-time magnetic resonance imaging
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145. ; 66, s. 132-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macroscopic properties of pasta, such as the texture, are formed during cooking by a complex interplay of water and heat with the structuring agents starch and gluten. The impact of the starch-to-gluten ratio on microstructure and water distribution in pasta was analyzed by a multi-scale approach combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and light microscopy. The cooking process and thus the water distribution was monitored non-invasively using 1H MRI in real-time with a temporal resolution of 45s. Our MRI set-up allowed following the water ingress by imaging the reduction of the uncooked core. The water ingress rate was neither dependent on pasta composition nor on the presence of salt in the cooking media (0.7% NaCl). Starch-rich samples showed a more homogeneous water distribution in the gelatinized zone, which was mirrored in a more homogeneous microstructure. In contrast, gluten-rich samples showed both a heterogeneous water distribution and microstructure. Thus, the gluten content affected local water content in the gelatinized zone but not the water ingress. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Bertilsson, I., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in persons on the autism spectrum : A preliminary Rasch analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 1360-8592 .- 1532-9283. ; 38, s. 464-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persons on the autism spectrum exhibit poorer body awareness than neurotypical persons. Since movement quality may be regarded as an expression of body awareness, assessment of movement quality is important. Sound assessments of measurement properties are essential if reliable decisions about body awareness interventions for persons on the autism spectrum are to be made, but there is insufficient research. Objective: To assess measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in an autism and a neurotypical reference group. Methods: Persons on the autism spectrum (n=108) and neurotypical references (n=32) were included. All were assessed with BAS MQ. Data were analyzed according to the Rasch model. Results: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable unidimensionality, supported by the fit statistics. The hierarchical ordering showed that coordination ability was the most difficult, followed by stability and relating. Response category functioning worked as intended for 19 out of 23 items. There were few difficult items, which decreased targeting. Reliability measures were good. BAS MQ discriminated between the autism and the reference groups, with the autism group exhibiting poorer movement quality, reflecting clinical observations and previous research. Conclusions: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable measurement properties, though suffering from problems with targeting item difficulty to person ability for persons on the autism spectrum. The BAS MQ may, along with experienced movement quality, contribute to clinically relevant information of persons on the autism spectrum, although we encourage refinements and further analyses to improve its measurement properties.
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| 3. |
- Bialik, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ionization of Cellobiose in Aqueous Alkali and the Mechanism of Cellulose Dissolution
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-7185. ; 7:24, s. 5044-5048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources, is insoluble in most common solvents but dissolves in aqueous alkali under a narrow range of conditions. To elucidate the solubilization mechanism, we performed electrophoretic NMR on cellobiose, a subunit of cellulose, showing that cellobiose acts as an acid with two dissociation steps at pH 12 and 13.5. Chemical shift differences between cellobiose in NaOH and NaCl were estimated using 2D NMR and compared to DFT shift differences upon deprotonation. The dissociation steps are the deprotonation of the hemiacetal OH group and the deprotonation of one of four OH groups on the nonreducing anhydroglucose unit. MD simulations reveal that aggregation is suppressed upon charging cellulose chains in solution. Our findings strongly suggest that cellulose is to a large extent charged in concentrated aqueous alkali, a seemingly crucial factor for solubilization. This insight, overlooked in the current literature, is important for understanding cellulose dissolution and for synthesis of new sustainable materials.
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| 4. |
- Dwibedi, Chinmay, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of self-managed lifestyle treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Digital Medicine. - : Nature Research. - 2398-6352. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of effective, scalable solutions for lifestyle treatment is a global clinical problem, causing severe morbidity and mortality. We developed a method for lifestyle treatment that promotes self-reflection and iterative behavioral change, provided as a digital tool, and evaluated its effect in 370 patients with type 2 diabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04691973). Users of the tool had reduced blood glucose, both compared with randomized and matched controls (involving 158 and 204 users, respectively), as well as improved systolic blood pressure, body weight and insulin resistance. The improvement was sustained during the entire follow-up (average 730 days). A pathophysiological subgroup of obese insulin-resistant individuals had a pronounced glycemic response, enabling identification of those who would benefit in particular from lifestyle treatment. Natural language processing showed that the metabolic improvement was coupled with the self-reflective element of the tool. The treatment is cost-saving because of improved risk factor control for cardiovascular complications. The findings open an avenue for self-managed lifestyle treatment with long-term metabolic efficacy that is cost-saving and can reach large numbers of people. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 5. |
- Eneqvist, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Legitimacy in municipal experimental governance: questioning the public good in urban innovation practices
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 30:8, s. 1596-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban experiments, living labs and testbeds have emerged as influential approaches to governing cities around the world. Experimental governance allows stakeholders to trial possible futures and to embrace creativity and innovation in the pursuit of sustainability goals. Experiments are often conducted through triple helix partnerships that favour informal and distributed actions. This is a significant departure from traditional urban development processes that are informed by well-defined processes executed by public authorities to ensure the public good and are legitimated by citizens. In this paper, we investigate this tension between experimental governance and public sector legitimacy by focusing on experimental practices in two Swedish municipalities, Stockholm and Gothenburg. We gathered data through a desk-based study, participant observations and semi-structured interviews with municipal actors to investigate the input, throughput and output legitimacy of municipalities in experimental governance. The findings indicate that municipalities emphasise actions and results from experiments, while de-emphasising reflection and attention to democratic procedures and protection of the public good. The focus on legitimacy reveals the fragmented and instrumental practices of experimental governance and a deficit in organizational capacity with potential detrimental impacts on legitimacy.
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| 6. |
- Gerasimov, Jennifer Yevgenia, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Rational Materials Design for In Operando Electropolymerization of Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electrochemical transistors formed by in operando electropolymerization of the semiconducting channel are increasingly becoming recognized as a simple and effective implementation of synapses in neuromorphic hardware. However, very few studies have reported the requirements that must be met to ensure that the polymer spreads along the substrate to form a functional conducting channel. The nature of the interface between the substrate and various monomer precursors of conducting polymers through molecular dynamics simulations is investigated, showing that monomer adsorption to the substrate produces an increase in the effective monomer concentration at the surface. By evaluating combinatorial couples of monomers baring various sidechains with differently functionalized substrates, it is shown that the interactions between the substrate and the monomer precursor control the lateral growth of a polymer film along an inert substrate. This effect has implications for fabricating synaptic systems on inexpensive, flexible substrates. © 2022 The Authors.
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| 7. |
- Hiselius, Lena Winslott, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Representation and Leadership in Local Transport Decision-Making Positions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 2071-1050. ; 15:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to analyse and further capture nuances of gender representation in local political decision-making bodies, focusing on implications for transport policy. Since gender is highly relevant for both attitudes towards transport policy as well as political votes, data on the gender and political colour of executives (members of presidiums) of transport-related committees, councils, and boards is analysed. The study is aimed at the local level, since municipal transport policy decisions include areas with clear differences between masculinity and femininity norms. The mapping of representation reveals, in line with other studies, that women are underrepresented in the most leading position (as chairperson of the City Board 31-37%), and that presidiums of transport-related committees, especially, are highly dominated by men (72-74%) with no clear positive trend in female representation identified over the studied years. The result suggests that transport-related decisions are disproportionally shaped by men as well as masculine norms, with implications for the transition towards transport sustainability.
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| 8. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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AR(1) time series with autoregressive gamma variance for road topography modeling
- 2016
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Ingår i: Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-8920 .- 1878-4275. ; 43, s. 106-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A non-Gaussian time series with a generalized Laplace marginal distribution is used to model road topography. The model encompasses variability exhibited by a Gaussian AR(1) process with randomly varying variance that follows a particular autoregressive model that features the gamma distribution as its marginal. A simple estimation method to fit the correlation coefficient of each of two autoregressive components is proposed. The one for the Gaussian AR(1) component is obtained by fitting the frequency of zero crossing, while the autocorrelation coefficient for the gamma autoregressive process is fitted from the autocorrelation of the squared values of the model. The shape parameter of the gamma distribution is fitted using the explicitly given moments of a generalized Laplace distribution. Another general method of model fitting based on the correlation function of the signal is also presented and compared with the zero-crossing method. It is demonstrated that the model has the ability to accurately represent hilliness features of road topography providing a significant improvement over a purely Gaussian model.
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| 9. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Laplace distribution models for road topography and roughness
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Performance. - 1745-3194 .- 1745-3208. ; 3:3, s. 224-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaussian models are frequently used for road elevations. However,these models are often only valid for short sections of the road. Here we presenta comprehensive approach to describe various aspects of road surface/elevationby using extensions of Gaussian models arising from random gamma distributedvariances. These random variances result in the Laplace distribution and thuswe refer to the so defined models as Laplace models. The approach is shownto perform well in modelling road topography, road roughness and multi-valuedresponses of forces and bending moments containing transients. The differentLaplace models are presented together with numerical examples and Matlab codefor simulation.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Anne-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Bet v 1 homologues in strawberry identified as IgE-binding proteins and presumptive allergens
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 59:12, s. 1277-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No strawberry allergen has so far been identified and characterized. Methods: Serum samples were collected from patients with a suggestive case history of adverse reactions to strawberry and other fruits. Extracts from fresh and frozen strawberries were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Patient blood samples were analysed for inhibition of IgE binding and basophil degranulation. Results: Several IgE-binding proteins could be detected. In more than half of the patient sera, a 20/18-kDa doublet band was observed in Western blotting. These two bands were excised and analysed by mass spectrometry showing the presence of proteins belonging to the Bet v 1 family of allergens. Inhibition of the IgE binding to the 20/18-kDa doublet was obtained by addition of two recombinantly expressed allergens belonging to the Bet v 1 family (Bet v 1 and Mal d 1) and strawberry protein extract. In a cell-based assay of patient blood samples, basophil degranulation could be induced by strawberry protein extract and by Bet v 1 and Mal d 1. Conclusions: We conclude that strawberry homologues to Bet v 1 may be allergens of importance for adverse reactions to strawberry.
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