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| 2. |
- Erlandsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' experiences of the time after the diagnosis of an intrauterine death until the induction of the delivery : a qualitative Internet-based study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. - : Wiley. - 1341-8076 .- 1447-0756 .- 0144-3615 .- 1364-6893. ; 37:11, s. 1677-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study aims to describe how mothers spend the period of time between being diagnosed with a dead baby in utero and the induction of the delivery.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected using a web questionnaire. Five hundred and fifteen women who had experienced a stillbirth after the 22nd week of gestation answered the open question: 'What did you do between the diagnosis of the child's death and the beginning of the delivery?' A qualitative content analysis method was used.RESULTS: The results show that some mothers received help to adapt to the situation, while for others, waiting for the induction meant further stress and additional psychological trauma in an already strained situation.CONCLUSION: There is no reason to wait with the induction unless the parents themselves express a wish to the contrary. Health care professionals, together with the parents, should try to determine the best time for the induction of the birth after the baby's death in utero. That time may vary, depending on the parents' preferences.
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| 3. |
- Erlandsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Women's' premonitions prior to the death of their baby in utero and how they deal with the feeling that their baby may be unwell.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 91:1, s. 28-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To identify if mothers to stillborn babies had had a premonition that their unborn child might not be well and how they dealt with that premonition. Design. A mixed method approach. Setting: 1 034 women answered a web questionnaire. Sample: 614 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having a stillbirth after the 22(nd) gestational week and answered questions about premonition. Methods. Qualitative content analysis was used for the open questions and descriptive statistics for questions with fixed alternatives. Main Outcome.Measure: The premonition of an unwell unborn baby. Results. In all 392/614 (64%) of the women had had a premonition that their unborn baby might be unwell; 274/614 (70%) contacted their clinic and were invited to come in for a check-up, but by then it was too late as the baby was already dead. A further 88/614 (22%) decided to wait until their next routine check-up, believing that the symptoms were part of the normal cycle of pregnancy, and that the fetus would move less towards the end of a pregnancy. Thirty women (8%) contacted their clinic, but were told that everything appeared normal without an examination of the baby. Conclusion. Women need to know that a decrease in fetal movements is an important indicator of their unborn baby´s health. Health care professionals should not delay an examination if a mother-to-be is worried of her unborn baby´s wellbeing.
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| 4. |
- Lindgren, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer in planned home births in Sweden - effects on the experience of birth : A nationwide population-based study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 2:3, s. 101-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: More than 10% of all planned home births in high-income countries are completed in the hospital. The aim of this study was to compare the birth experiences among women who planned to give birth at home and completed the birth at home and women who were transferred to hospital during or immediately after the birth. Methods: All women in Sweden who had a planned home birth between 1998 and 2005 (n = 671) were invited to participate in the study. The women who agreed to participate received one questionnaire for each planned home birth. Mixed methods were used for the analysis. Results: Women who had been transferred during or immediately after the planned home birth had a more negative birth experience in general. In comparison with women who completed the birth at home, the odds ratio for being less satisfied was 13.5, CI 8.1-22.3. Reasons for being dissatisfied related to organizational factors, the way the women were treated or personal ability. Conclusion: Being transferred during a planned home birth negatively affects the birth experience. Treatments as well as organizational factors are considered to be obstacles for a positive birth experience when transfer is needed. Established links between the home birth setting and the hospital might enhance the opportunity for a positive birth experience irrespective of where the birth is completed. © 2011.
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| 5. |
- Malm, Mari-Cristin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a tool to evaluate fetal movements in full-term pregnancy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 5:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study women's description of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy. Further to investigate if their descriptions could be sorted with regard to intensity and type of movements, using a matrix under development to be a tool for evaluating fetal movements in clinical praxis. Methods: Data were collected by distributing questionnaires including an open question: "Please describe your perception of the baby's movements during this gestational week." A matrix listed seven categories of movements divided into powerful and non-powerful movements, was used for the content analysis. Results: 393 (78%) women responded to the open question. The movements were split into two domains: Powerful movements and Non-powerful movements. Altogether, 383 (96%) women perceived fetal movements that were sorted as powerful movement: firm, slow stretching, large and side to side. Ten (4%) women described movements exclusively, i.e. movements that did not include any of the movements in the powerful domain. Most women perceived movements that corresponded to more than one type of category, and all movements described by the women could be referred to at least one of the categories in the matrix. Conclusion: The matrix was useful for identification of the women's perceptions of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy. Further studies are needed in order to develop the tool and its potential to evaluate the well-being of the fetus before it is to be used in clinical praxis.
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| 6. |
- Malm, Mari-Cristin, et al.
(författare)
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Waiting in no-man’s-land – Mothers’ experiences before the induction of labour after their baby has died in utero
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 2:2, s. 51-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Carrying death instead of life is beyond understanding and a huge psychological challenge for apregnant mother. The aim of this study was to investigate the mothers’ experiences of the time from thediagnosis of the death of their unborn baby until induction of labour.Method: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 mothers whose babieshad died prior to birth. The interviews were then analysed using content analysis.Results: The overall theme that emerged from the mothers’ experiences is understood as ‘‘waiting in noman’s-land’’, describing the feeling of being set aside from normality and put into an area which is unrecognized.Four categories were established: ‘involuntary waiting’ describes the sense of being left withoutinformation about what is to come; ‘handling the unimaginable’ concerns the confusing state of findingoneself in the worst-case scenario and yet having to deal with the birth; ‘broken expectations’ is aboutthe loss not only of the baby but also of future family life; and ‘courage to face life’ describes the determinationto go on and face reality.Conclusions: The mother’s experiences during the time after the information of their baby’s death in uterountil the induction of labour can be understood as a sense of being in no-man’s-land, waiting withoutknowing for what or for how long.
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| 7. |
- Malm, Mari-Cristin, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of two different self-assessment methods for monitoring fetal movements in full-term pregnancy - a crossover trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 14:349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low maternal awareness of fetal movements is associated with negative birth outcomes. Knowledge regarding pregnant women's compliance with programs of systematic self-assessment of fetal movements is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate women's experiences using two different self-assessment methods for monitoring fetal movements and to determine if the women had a preference for one or the other method. Methods: Data were collected by a crossover trial; 40 healthy women with an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy counted the fetal movements according to a Count-to-ten method and assessed the character of the movements according to the Mindfetalness method. Each self-assessment was observed by a midwife and followed by a questionnaire. A total of 80 self-assessments was performed; 40 with each method. Results: Of the 40 women, only one did not find at least one method suitable. Twenty of the total of 39 reported a preference, 15 for the Mindfetalness method and five for the Count-to-ten method. All 39 said they felt calm, relaxed, mentally present and focused during the observations. Furthermore, the women described the observation of the movements as safe and reassuring and a moment for communication with their unborn baby. Conclusions: In the 80 assessments all but one of the women found one or both methods suitable for self-assessment of fetal movements and they felt comfortable during the assessments. More women preferred the Mindfetalness method compared to the count-to-ten method, than vice versa.
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| 8. |
- Rådestad, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Being alone in silence - Mothers' experiences upon confirmation of their baby's death in utero
- 2014
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 30:3, s. e91-e95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to explore mothers' experiences of the confirmation of ultrasound examination results and how they were told that their baby had died in-utero.DESIGN: in-depth interviews.SETTING: Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: 26 mothers of stillborn babies.MEASUREMENT: narratives were analysed using a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.FINDINGS: the mothers experienced that silence prevailed during the entire process of confirming the ultrasound results. Typically all present in the ultrasound room were concentrating and focusing on what they observed on the screen, no one spoke to the mother. The mothers had an instinctive feeling that their baby might be dead based on what they observed on the ultrasound screen and on their interpretation of the body language of the clinicians and midwives. Some mothers reported a time delay in receiving information about their baby's death. Experiencing uncertainty about the information received was also noticed.CONCLUSION: mothers emphasised an awareness of silence and feelings of being completely alone while being told of the baby's death.IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: the prevalence of silence during an ultrasound examination may in certain cases cause further psychological trauma for the mother of a stillborn baby. One way to move forward given these results may be to provide obstetric personnel sufficient training on how difficult information might be more effectively and sensitively provided in the face of an adverse pregnancy outcome.
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| 9. |
- Rådestad, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Women's perceptions of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 3:3, s. 113-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Besides the frequency of the fetal movements the woman's perceptions of the movements can give additional information about the unborn baby's wellbeing. Objective: To explore women's perceptions of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy. Methods: Interviews with 40 women in gestational weeks 37 + 2 to 41 + 5, all with uncomplicated pregnancies. All women were recruited from one antenatal clinic in the capital of Sweden. With an inductive approach using a content analysis the answers to the question: "Can you describe how your baby has moved this week?" was analysed. Results: Fetal movements were categorized into seven categories: strong and powerful, large, slow, stretching, from side to side, light, and startled. Conclusions: Almost all the women perceived the fetal movements at the end of pregnancy as strong and powerful, and internal pressure. Including women's perceptions of fetal movements in the obstetric anamneses, gives valuable information about the fetus. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Sjöblom, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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A provoking choice : Swedish women's experiences of reactions to their plans to give birth at home
- 2012
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Ingår i: Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1799 .- 1871-5192. ; 25:3, s. e11-e18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The home birth rate in Sweden is less than 1 in 1000, and home birth is not included within the health care system. This study describes women's experiences concerning reactions to their decision to give birth at home. DESIGN AND SETTING: A nationwide survey (SHE - Swedish Homebirth Experience) in Sweden was conducted between 1992 and 2005 whereas 735 women had given birth to 1038 children. Of 1038 questionnaires 1025 were returned. MEASUREMENTS: In the questionnaires an open-ended question asked women to report their experience of reactions to their decision to give birth at home The question was answered by 594 women, and data were analysed using content analysis. FINDINGS: The analysis yielded one overarching theme; "To be faced with fear for life and death" including being exposed to reactions about risks. This describes attitudes of professionals and family towards life and death and suggests perceptions of risk and fear of unexpected events. Four main categories were identified; Seen as an irresponsible person, Met with emotional arguments, Exposed to persuasion and Alienation. CONCLUSION: Women who plan for a home birth were confronted with negative attitudes and persuasion to make them change their mind. This made them feel alienated, and they searched for support among like-minded. Negative attitudes from health care professionals may erode their confidence in conventional health services and turn them towards other options. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Women who want to give birth at home should be given evidence-based information about risks and benefits. Enhanced knowledge among public and professionals about home births would improve the options for respectful encounters.
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