| 1. |
- Cronie, Ottmar, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal Modeling of Swedish Scots Pine Stands
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0015-749X .- 1938-3738. ; 59:5, s. 505-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth-interaction (GI) process is used for the spatiotemporal modeling of measurements of locations and radii at breast height made at three different time points of the individual trees in 10 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) plots from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. The GI process places trees at random locations in the study region and assigns sizes to the trees, which interact and grow with time. It has been used to model plots in previous studies and to improve the fit we suggest some modifications: a different location assignment strategy and a different open-growth (growth under negligible competition) function. We believe that the calibration data contain trees that are too small to reflect the open growth properly, which primarily affects the carrying capacity parameter. To better represent the open growth of Scots pines, we evaluate the open growth from a separate set of data (size and age measurements of older and larger single Scots pines). A linear relationship is found between the plot's estimated site indices and the sizes, and this is exploited in the estimation of the carrying capacity. We finally estimate the remaining GI process parameters and test the goodness of fit on simulated predictions from the fitted model.
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| 2. |
- Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
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| 3. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Using soil function evaluation in multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 485-486:1, s. 785-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil contamination is one of the major threats constraining proper functioning of the soil and thus provision of ecosystem services. Remedial actions typically only address the chemical soil quality by reducing total contaminant concentrations to acceptable levels guided by land use. However, emerging regulatory requirements on soil protection demand a holistic view on soil assessment in remediation projects thus accounting for a variety of soil functions. Such a view would require not only that the contamination concentrations are assessed and attended to, but also that other aspects are taking into account, thus addressing also physical and biological as well as other chemical soil quality indicators (SQIs). This study outlines how soil function assessment can be a part of a holistic sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The paper presents a method for practitioners for evaluating the effects of remediation alternatives on selected ecological soil functions using a suggested minimum data set (MDS) containing physical, biological and chemical SQIs. The measured SQls are transformed into sub-scores by the use of scoring curves, which allows interpretation and the integration of soil quality data into the MCDA framework. The method is demonstrated at a study site (Marieberg, Sweden) and the results give an example of how soil analyses using the suggested MDS can be used for soil function assessment and subsequent input to the MCDA framework.
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