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| 2. |
- Almgren, Sara, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Gamma radiation doses to people living in Western Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X. ; 99:2, s. 394-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environments contribute to gamma radiation in the general population. The aims of the present study were to investigate average gamma radiation doses in a rural and an urban area of Sweden, compare indoor dose rates with personal exposure, and study the effects of building characteristics on radiation levels. Radiation was measured with thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). Repeated measurements were performed with TLDs worn by participants (n=46) and placed in their dwellings. Personal dose rates were 0.092microSv/h (rural) and 0.096microSv/h (urban). The mean effective gamma dose rates in dwellings were 0.091microSv/h (rural) and 0.11microSv/h (urban), which are higher than the world average. Dose rates in apartments were higher than in detached houses and higher for concrete than wooden dwellings. Personal dose rates were strongly associated with dwelling dose rates (r(p)=0.68, p<0.01) and could be modelled. Within-participant variability was low.
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| 3. |
- Almgren, Sara, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements and comparisons of gamma radiation doses in a high and a low (137)Cs deposition area in Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X. ; 99:11, s. 1750-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is one of the countries affected by the Chernobyl fallout. The aim of the present study was to investigate the average radiation dose to people living in a high-deposition area (the parish of Hille) in Sweden for comparison with dose rates previously measured in a low-deposition area in western Sweden. Individual measurements (personal and dwelling dose rates) were performed using thermoluminescence dosimeters in 24 randomly chosen individuals. Dwelling and personal dose rates in Hille were 0.12 and 0.11 microSv/h, respectively. The dose rates in Hille were slightly higher than in western Sweden (difference for detached houses=0.024 microSv/h for personal and 0.030 microSv/h for dwelling dose rates), partly because of the higher (137)Cs deposition. In wooden houses, the difference was somewhat greater. Our results indicate a current contribution to personal gamma radiation in this area of about 0.2 mSv per year from the Chernobyl fallout.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence in Swedish oil refinery workers exposed to benzene
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oil refinery workers are exposed to benzene, which is a well-known cause of leukaemia, but results on leukaemia in oil refinery workers have been mixed, and the data on workers ' exposure is limited. Oil refinery workers are also exposed to asbestos and several studies have shown increased risk of mesothelioma. Aim: The objective was to investigate cancer incidence, especially leukaemia, at low to moderate exposure to benzene in an update of a previous study of employees at three Swedish oil refineries. Methods: Cancer incidence was followed up in 2264 men (1548 refinery operators) employed at three oil refineries in Sweden for at least one year. Job types and employment times were collected from complete company files. A retrospective assessment of the benzene exposure was performed by occupational hygienists in collaboration with the refineries using historic measurements as well as detailed information on changes in the industrial hygiene and technological developments. Cases of cancer were retrieved by a linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register through 35 -47 years of follow-up and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: In total, 258 tumors had occurred versus 240 expected (SIR 1.07; 95% CI 0.95 -1.21). There were 10 cases of leukaemia, all in refinery operators (SIR 2.4; 95% CI 1.18 -4.51). There were three cases of pleural mesothelioma, two of which in refinery operators. The mean estimated cumulative benzene exposure for the cases of leukaemia was 7.9 ppm-years (median 4.9, range 0.1 -31.1). Discussion: The study suggests that low to moderate average cumulative benzene exposure increases the risk of leukaemia. Limitations include the modest number of cases and potential misclassification of exposure. Conclusion: The present study indicated an increased risk of leukaemia in male oil refinery workers with low to moderate exposure to benzene.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Is Cadmium a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer - Results from a Nested Case-Control Study Using Data from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 30:9, s. 1744-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) is associated with breast cancer risk. One hypothesis is that Cd has estrogen-like properties. This case-control study investigated the association between breast cancer risk and blood Cd (BCd) levels. Methods: All breast cancers in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry, baseline (1991-1996) through 2014. Two controls per case were selected from the same cohort. BCd was analyzed at baseline. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean BCd was 0.51 mg/L among 1,274 cases and 0.46 among 2,572 controls. There was an overall increased risk of breast cancer [OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.36] per mg/L of BCd. An increased risk was, however, only found at high BCd [OR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73)] for BCd more than 1.20 mg/L. The group with the highest BCd was mainly smokers. A spline indicated that at BCd less than 1.0 mg/L, the OR was not increased. The association with BCd was stronger in current smokers and at body mass index (BMI) above 25, while no modification due to receptor status was found. Conclusions: The results indicated increased risk of breast cancer only for high Cd exposure, which occurred mainly among smokers. This made it difficult to disentangle the effects of smoking and Cd, despite inclusion of smoking habits in the models. Impact: This study provides support for reducing Cd exposure through smoking cessation and dietary choice. On the population level, preventive measures against Cd pollution are warranted.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Partial Mediation by Cadmium Exposure of the Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Artery
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 187:4, s. 806-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation analysis was used to examine associations between smoking and blood cadmium levels and the prevalence of ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The total association with smoking status (never smokers, 2 categories of former smokers, and current smokers) was split into direct and indirect association, and the proportion mediated was estimated. The adjusted estimated plaque prevalence was approximately 27% among never smokers. We identified both a direct and an indirect pathway between smoking and carotid plaques; the indirect association, through cadmium, was observed among current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking less than 15 years before. For current smokers, the prevalence ratio for plaque was 1.5, with 60%-65% of the association with smoking being mediated through cadmium. Recent former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.3, and 40%-45% was mediated through cadmium. Long-time former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.2, but none of the association was mediated through cadmium. In conclusion, about two-thirds of the proatherosclerotic association with smoking was mediated by cadmium.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological aspects on measurement of Clara cell protein in urine as a biomarker for airway toxicity, compared with serum levels.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. - : Wiley. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 27:1, s. 60-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clara cell protein CC16, secreted from Clara cells in the lung, is discussed as a potential biomarker for toxic effects on the airways. An increased concentration of CC16 in serum may be caused by increased permeability of the lungs, caused by high levels of air pollution. Since CC16 is eliminated by renal excretion, it may be possible to use urine instead of serum samples. Few studies have been conducted on urinary CC16 (U-CC16), however.The aim was to investigate the optimal way of sampling and quantifying CC16 in urine samples and compare CC16 in human serum and urinary samples. Repeated sampling was performed in two groups of healthy subjects. First morning urine, 24 h urine, and matched blood and urine samples were collected.The excretion of U-CC16 increased over the day, e.g. from 0.08 microg h(-1) in the morning to 0.28 microg h(-1) in daytime and 0.16 microg h(-1) in the evening (medians in males). Morning samples (microg h(-1)) from males properly reflected the 24 h excretion (r = 0.91). The best correlation with 24 h excretion was obtained with creatinine-corrected first morning urine samples (r > 0.9). Generally, females had lower excretion of CC16 than males (medians 2.5 microg 24 h(-1) in females and 16 microg 24 h(-1) in males). There was significant intraindividual variation, but the interindividual variation was larger in both groups. There was an association between serum CC16 (S-CC16) and U-CC16 in morning samples. With optimal methods for sampling U-CC16, urine samples may be used in experimental studies of air pollution.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological issues on the use of urinary alpha-1-microglobuline in epidemiological studies.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 23:4, s. 1252-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) is a low molecular weight protein that can be measured in urine and used as a marker for tubular function, assuming that the normal variability within and between individuals is known. The aims of this study were to investigate this variability, to find the optimal way of sampling and quantifying A1M in spot urine samples to reflect the 24 h excretion and to examine storage stability. Method. Timed urine specimens were collected from 29 healthy volunteers at fixed time points over 24 h on two separate days. Volumes, creatinine and specific gravity were determined. All samples were analysed with a commercial ELISA for A1M. Results. We found a clear diurnal variation in A1M excretion rate and a gender effect (higher in males). The excretion rate was higher in the daytime, with high urinary flow, compared to overnight values. A1M excretion in spot urine samples was highly correlated with the 24 h excretion at all times except 22:00 in male subjects. Urinary A1M adjusted for creatinine concentration correlated well with the 24 h excretion. Variability within individuals was only 20% of the total variability in 24 h A1M excretion, but 43% in first morning urine. Expressed as CV, the intra-individual variability (between days) was 29% in 24 h excretion. Conclusion. We conclude that diurnal variation and gender should be taken into account when comparing groups. Moreover, in spot samples (e.g. first morning samples) adjustment of A1M for creatinine or specific gravity is a reliable alternative to 24 h urine.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary proteins in children with urinary tract infection
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatric Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-041X .- 1432-198X. ; 24:8, s. 1533-1538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that the urinary excretion of C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and Clara cell protein (CC16) is increased in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and relates to renal damage as measured by acute dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. Fifty-two children <2 years of age with UTI were enrolled in the study, 44 of whom were febrile. The control group consisted of 23 patients with non-UTI infection and elevated serum CRP (s-CRP) levels. Thirty-six patients had abnormal DMSA uptake, classified as mild, moderate or severe damage (DMSA class 1, 2, 3, respectively). There was a significant association between DMSA class and the excretion of urinary RBP (u-RBP) and u-CC16. There was also a significant difference in u-CRP levels between children with UTI and control children with non-UTI infections, although u-CRP excretion was not significantly correlated to DMSA class. In conclusion, the urinary excretion of the low-molecular-weight proteins RBP and CC16 showed a strong association with uptake defects on renal DMSA scans. The urinary level of CRP seems to distinguish between children with UTI and other febrile conditions. A combination of these biomarkers may be useful in the clinical assessment of children with UTI.
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| 10. |
- Andreasson, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111:6, s. 529-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous glove use is more common in dentistry than in most other occupations, and the glove should offer protection against blood-borne infections, skin irritants and contact allergens. Methacrylate monomers are potent contact allergens, and it is known that these substances may penetrate the glove materials commonly used. The aim of this study was to assess the permeability of various types of gloves to methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with special reference to combinations with ethanol or acetone. The permeation rate and time lag breakthrough (lag-BT) for MMA (neat, or diluted to 30% in ethanol or acetone), HEMA (30% in water, ethanol, or acetone) and TEGDMA (30% in ethanol or acetone) were investigated for different protective gloves. Nine different types of gloves were tested for one or several of these methacrylates. The lag-BT for neat MMA was
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