| 1. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditions for patient participation and non-participation in health care
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - Malden, USA : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 13:5, s. 503-514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored patients' experiences of participation and non-participation in their health care. A questionnaire-based survey method was used. Content analysis showed that conditions for patient participation occurred when information was provided not by using standard procedures but based on individual needs and accompanied by explanations, when the patient was regarded as an individual, when the patient's knowledge was recognized by staff, and when the patient made decisions based on knowledge and needs, or performed self-care. Thus, to provide conditions for true patient participation, professionals need to recognize each patient's unique knowledge and respect the individual's description of his or her situation rather than just inviting the person to participate in decision making.
|
|
| 2. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
-
Considering patient non-participation in health care
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Health Expectations. - : Wiley. - 1369-7625 .- 1369-6513. ; 11:3, s. 263-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to depict patient non-participation as described by a diverse group with recent experiences of being patients. BACKGROUND: Patient participation is regarded as a primary condition for optimal quality of care, suggesting that non-participation should be avoided. A common understanding of the concept of patient non-participation is needed. A discrepancy in definitions of patient non-participation has been found in health-care interactions, health-care classifications and health-care research, and little is known of what patient non-participation represents to patients. STUDY DESIGN: A survey consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions was administered to persons that had recently been patients to gather respondents' descriptions of what they considered as patient non-participation. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse free-text descriptions, and descriptive statistics were used for the close-ended alternatives. FINDINGS: Lacking information (e.g. not being provided with appropriate information) and lacking recognition (e.g. not being listened to and/or lacking recognition as an individual with individual needs and concerns) were significant aspects of patient non-participation. Furthermore, non-participation encompassed facing organization-centred, as opposed to patient-centred, health care as well as feeling insecure in health care interactions. CONCLUSION: The findings provide input for a better understanding of what patients experience as non-participation. Organising for the caregivers to be able to thoroughly listen to the patients' illness narratives would easily reduce the risk of patient's experiencing what is described as non-participation and would provide a sound base for patient learning needs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
-
The meaning of patient participation for patients and nurses at a nurse-led clinic for chronic heart failure
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 5:1, s. 45-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe legislation of many Western countries emphasizes active patient participation. Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), however, have experienced participation differently from the general interpretation of legal definitions. Education improves uptake of self-management strategies yet knowledge is lacking about support of patients' own resources in CHF. AimTo explore the phenomena of patient participation and non-participation as shown in patient visits to a nurse-led clinic for CHF and as experienced by the patients and nurses. MethodsData triangulation of field notes from participatory observations and texts from narrative interviews with the patients and assigned nurse specialists. Data were analyzed according to the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition. FindingsPatients' experience of participation and non-participation was interpreted as “Being responsible and accepting responsibility” and “Lacking an equal relationship while being controlled”, respectively. Nurses experienced patient participation as “Getting information and security to act” and patient non-participation as “Not accepting”. ConclusionConflicting values of patients and nurses, which were interpreted with respect to participation and non-participation, presumably might influence patient information and education negatively. The issue of participation should be raised as a means of attaining concordance and to facilitate patient participation with education specifically tailored to the individual patient's needs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
-
The phenomena of participation and non-participation in health care : experiences of patients attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic heart failure
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:3, s. 239-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient participation is stressed in the health care acts of many western countries yet a common definition of the concept is lacking. The understanding of experiences of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who attend nurse-led specialist clinics, a form of care suggested as beneficiary to this group, may promote a better understanding of participation. Aim: To investigate the meanings of participation and non-participation as experienced by patients living with CHF. Methods: Narrative interviews analysed in the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition inspired by Ricoeur where the interpretation is made in the hermeneutic circle, explaining and understanding the experienced phenomena. Findings: Participation was experienced as to “be confident”, “comprehend” and “seek and maintain a sense of control”. Non-participation was experienced as to “not understand”, “not be in control”, “lack a relationship” and “not be accountable”. The findings indicate that the experiences of participation and non-participation can change over time and phases of the disease and treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests an extended view on the concept of participation. Patients' experiences of participation in health care can vary and should therefore be an issue for dialogue between nurses and patients with CHF in nurse-led specialist clinics.
|
|
| 5. |
- Elf, Lena Marie, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
A dynamic conceptual model of care planning
- 2007
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CARING SCIENCES. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:4, s. 530-538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a conceptual model of the care planning process developed to identify the hypothetical links between structural, process and outcome factors important to the quality of the process. Based on existing literature, it was hypothesized that a thorough assessment of patients' health needs is an important prerequisite when making a rigorous diagnosis and preparing plans for various care interventions. Other important variables that are assumed to influence the quality of the process are the care culture and professional knowledge. The conceptual model was developed as a system dynamics causal loop diagram as a first essential step towards a computed model. System dynamics offers the potential to describe processes in a nonlinear, dynamic way and is suitable for exploring, comprehending, learning and communicating complex ideas about care processes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson, Cecilia, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies by imaging TOF-SIMS of bone mineralization on porous titanium implants after 1 week in bone
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 252:19, s. 6757-6760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anodic oxidation was used to grow porous layers on titanium discs. Six different oxidation procedures were used producing six different surfaces. The implants were inserted in rat bone (tibia) for 7 days. After implant retrieval, mineralization (hydroxyapatite formation) on the implant surfaces was investigated using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Bone tissue around the implants was sectioned and stained. The amount of bone in close apposition to the implant was calculated. The porosity showed great variation between the surfaces. Hydroxyapatite was detected on all surfaces. A slight positive correlation between porosity and mineralization was found, although the most porous surface was not the best mineralized one. Bone had formed around all implants after 7 days. The bone-to-metal contact for the porous implants did not differ significantly from the non-porous control. Porosity is known to influence cellular events. The results indicate that porosity could have an initial, positive influence on bone integration of implants, by stimulating the mineralization process. The methods used were found to be suitable tools for investigation of initial healing around implants in bone.
|
|
| 7. |
- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
The panorama and outcomes of pregnancies within a well-defined population in rural Vietnam 1999-2004.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-7558 .- 1070-5503. ; 16:3, s. 269-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pregnancy outcomes in the general population are important public health indicators. PURPOSE: The overall aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well-defined population, to identify risk groups for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to suggest preventive measures. METHOD: A prospective population-based cohort study of pregnant women in Bavi district, Vietnam between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2004. RESULTS: Pregnancy outcome was reported for 5,259 cases; 4,152 (79%) resulted in a live birth, 67 (1.3%) in a stillbirth, 733 (14%) in an induced abortion, and 282 (5.4%) in a spontaneous abortion. There was an increased risk of home delivery for women from ethnic minorities (OR = 1.85; 95%CI = 1.06-3.24) or with less than 6 years of schooling (OR = 7.36; 95%CI = 3.54-15.30). The risk of stillbirth was increased for ethnic minorities (OR = 6.34; 95%CI = 1.33-30.29) and women delivering at home (OR = 6.81; 95%CI = 2.40-19.30). The risk of induced abortion increased with maternal age. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the public health significance of access to adequate family planning, counselling, and maternal health care for all women. Policies should specifically target women from high-risk groups.
|
|
| 8. |
- Göransson, Katarina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Accuracy and concordance of nurses in emergency department triage.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:4, s. 432-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the emergency department (ED) Registered Nurses (RNs) often perform triage, i.e. the sorting and prioritizing of patients. The allocation of acuity ratings is commonly based on a triage scale. To date, three reliable 5-level triage scales exist, of which the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is one. In Sweden, few studies on ED triage have been conducted and the organization of triage has been found to vary considerably with no common triage scale. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and concordance of emergency nurses acuity ratings of patient scenarios in the ED setting. Totally, 423 RNs from 48 (62%) Swedish EDs each triaged 18 patient scenarios using the CTAS. Of the 7,550 triage ratings, 57.6% were triaged in concordance with the expected outcome and no scenario was triaged into the same triage level by all RNs. Inter-rater agreement for all RNs was kappa = 0.46 (unweighted) and kappa = 0.71 (weighted). The fact that the kappa-values are only moderate to good and the low concordance between the RNs call for further studies, especially from a patient safety perspective.
|
|
| 9. |
- Jansson, Rasmus, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Enantioselective and nonlinear intestinal absorption of eflornithine in the rat.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 52:8, s. 2842-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate if the absorption of the human African trypanosomiasis agent eflornithine was stereospecific and dose dependent after oral administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered single doses of racemic eflornithine hydrochloride as an oral solution (750, 1,500, 2,000, or 3,000 mg/kg of body weight) or intravenously (375 or 1,000 mg/kg of body weight). Sparse blood samples were obtained for determination of eflornithine enantiomers by liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection (lower limit of quantification [LLOQ], 83 M for 300 l plasma). The full plasma concentration-time profile of racemic eflornithine following frequent sampling was determined for another group of rats, using a high-performance liquid chromatography–UV method (LLOQ, 5 M for 50 l plasma). Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed in NONMEM for the combined racemic and enantiomeric concentrations. Upon intravenous administration, the plasma concentration-time profile of eflornithine was biphasic, with marginal differences in enantiomer kinetics (mean clearances of 14.5 and 12.6 ml/min/kg for L- and D-eflornithine, respectively). The complex absorption kinetics were modeled with a number of transit compartments to account for delayed absorption, transferring the drug into an absorption compartment from which the rate of influx was saturable. The mean bioavailabilities for L- and D-eflornithine were 41% and 62%, respectively, in the dose range of 750 to 2,000 mg/kg of body weight, with suggested increases to 47% and 83%, respectively, after a dose of 3,000 mg/kg of body weight. Eflornithine exhibited enantioselective absorption, with the more potent L-isomer being less favored, a finding which may help to explain why clinical attempts to develop an oral treatment have hitherto failed. The mechanistic explanation for the stereoselective absorption remains unclear.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindgren, Sven-Åke, 1951
(författare)
-
Grounded Theory ett oavslutat projekt
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. ; 43:1, s. 51-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article review and considers how the methodology of grounded theory has developed in the light of the profound critique it has attracted during recent decades. Four types of critique are examined, representing diverse meta-theoretical positions such as critical realism, constructivism, and postmodernism. Agreements and differences are described which indicate a consensus among researchers, irrespective of conflicting philosophical positions, that grounded theory is a workable approach for doing research. In particular, the discussion emphasizes how promoters of these perspectives deal with the basic aim of grounded theory to develop empirically based theories. A tendency to replace theory with narrative or other limited substitutes such as depiction is problematized. Questions of validation, evaluation, and legitimization of grounded theory, extended to include qualitative research in general, are touched upon. In conclusion it is argued that grounded theory, due to transformations and modifications inspired by positive critique, is better suited to meet today's demand for comlex and reflexive research methodologies.
|
|
