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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Tidskriftsartikel > Linköpings universitet > Ludvigsson Johnny

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1.
  • Ahmadi, Shilan Seyed, et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors for nephropathy in persons with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 59
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims Albuminuria is strongly associated with risk of renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, clinical guidelines diverge, and evidence is sparse on what risk factor levels regarding blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI are needed to prevent albuminuria in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods A total of 9347 children and adults with type 1 diabetes [mean age 15.3 years and mean diabetes duration 1.4 years at start of follow-up] from The Swedish National Diabetes Registry were followed from first registration until end of 2017. Levels for risk factors for a risk increase in nephropathy were evaluated, and the gradient of risk per 1 SD (standard deviation) was estimated to compare the impact of each risk factor. Results During the follow-up period, 8610 (92.1%) remained normoalbuminuric, 737 (7.9%) individuals developed micro- or macroalbuminuria at any time period of whom 132 (17.9% of 737) individuals developed macroalbuminuria. Blood pressure >= 140/80 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria (p <= 0.0001), as were triglycerides >= 1.0 mmol/L (p = 0.039), total cholesterol >= 5.0 mmol/L (p = 0.0003), HDL < 1.0 mmol/L (p = 0.013), LDL 3.5- < 4.0 mmol/L (p = 0.020), and BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) (p = 0.033). HbA1c was the strongest risk factor for any albuminuria estimated by the measure gradient of risk per 1 SD, followed by diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol and LDL. In patients with HbA1c > 65 mmol/mol (> 8.1%), blood pressure > 140/70 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria. Conclusions Preventing renal complications in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes need avoidance at relatively high levels of blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI, whereas very tight control is not associated with further risk reduction. For patients with long-term poor glycaemic control, stricter blood pressure control is advocated.
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2.
  • Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Breastfeeding and introduction of solid foods in Swedish infants: the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 94:3, s. 377-82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this report is to describe breastfeeding duration and introduction of foods in Swedish infants born 1997-9, in relation to current recommendations. A secondary aim is to examine breastfeeding duration and introduction of certain allergenic foods in allergy-risk families (for whom allergy-preventive advice has been issued). Out of 21,700 invited infants, screening questionnaires were completed for 16,070 infants after delivery. Parents to 11,081 infants completed a follow-up questionnaire regarding breastfeeding and introduction of foods and 9849 handed in detailed food diaries at 1 year of age. The percentages of infants who were exclusively breast-fed at 3, 6 and >or=9 months of age were 78.4, 10.1 and 3.9, respectively. The corresponding percentages for partial breastfeeding were 87.8, 68.9 and 43.6. Gluten-containing foods were introduced to 66% of infants between 4 and 6 months, as recommended at the time of the study, and one-quarter had stopped breastfeeding when gluten was introduced. More than 90% of parents introduced the first sample of solid food during months 4-6, as recommended. Fish and eggs had been introduced during the first year in 43% and 29%, respectively, of infants with atopic heredity. Exclusive breastfeeding duration and time of introduction of solid foods, including gluten, seemed to have been in line with Swedish recommendations at the time, although gluten was often introduced late, and not during ongoing breastfeeding as recommended. The adherence to allergy-preventive advice was less than optimal in infants with atopic heredity.
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3.
  • Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Daily vegetable intake during pregnancy negatively associated to islet autoimmunity in the offspring-The ABIS study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: PEDIATRIC DIABETES. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 11:4, s. 244-250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate if maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with occurrence of islet autoimmunity (IA) in the offspring. Methods: Of 21 700 infants invited to the All Babies in South-east Sweden (ABIS) study, 16 004 screening questionnaires, including a 22-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the mothers diet during pregnancy, were completed after delivery. Follow-up of the children (questionnaires and blood sampling) was performed at 1, 2.5 and 5 yr of age. IA was defined as being positive (above the 95th percentile for healthy children) in two or more measurements of autoantibodies [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA); tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA)] analysed at the three time points or being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during the 5-yr follow-up period. The 5 724 children in whom we carried out two to three possible blood samplings were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables predicting IA. Results: Of 5 724 children,191 (3.3%) were considered positive for IA. In a univariate analysis, less than daily consumption of vegetables (3-5 times/week) in the mothers diet was associated with increased risk of IA (OR 1.71, 95% CI:1.24-2.35, p = 0.001) compared to daily consumption (p for trend = 0.004). The association was strengthened when adjusting for known IA-risk factors (p for trend andlt; 0.001). Conclusions: Daily consumption of vegetables in the mothers diet during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of IA in the offspring.
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4.
  • Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Predictors and dietary consequences of frequent intake of high-sugar, low-nutrient foods in 1-year-old children participating in the ABIS study.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 97:1, s. 176-81
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Foods rich in sugar have been suggested to contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity in children. The aim of this report is to investigate the dietary pattern in 1-year-old children who frequently receive foods rich in sugar but low in nutrients and to study associated demographic and parental factors. During 1977-9, 21,700 infants were invited to participate in this prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Screening questionnaires were completed for 16,070 infants after delivery. Follow-up questionnaires from 10,762 children at 1 year of age are included in the analysis. It was found that 24% of the children received sweets/pastries more often than one or two times per week. They had a higher intake of French fries, potato crisps and cream as well as a lower intake of fruit and vegetables. A frequent intake of sugar-rich, low-nutrient foods was significantly associated with several maternal factors (high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy, young age, mother living alone) as well as presence of older siblings. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal overweight were of borderline significance. Parental education level was inversely associated with the frequency of intake of sweets/pastries in the child. Children who frequently receive sweets/pastries also have an otherwise unfavourable dietary pattern. Several parental and demographic factors were associated with this feeding pattern, especially high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy. Screening of pregnant women for risk predictors like consumption of sweets/pastries, young age and smoking could be possible ways of identifying children at future risk for low dietary quality.
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5.
  • Duchén, Karel, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Fatty fish intake in mothers during pregnancy and in their children in relation to the development of obesity and overweight in childhood: The prospective ABIS study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Obesity Science and Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 6:1, s. 57-69
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Although controversial, lower maternal intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) during pregnancy and lower levels of omega-3 PUFA in serum phospholipids during childhood have been related to obesity. The main source of omega-3 PUFA is fatty fish in the diet. Objectives: To assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and the intake of fatty fish in maternal diet during pregnancy and in children up to 8 years of age. Methods: The prospective cohort All Children in South-East Sweden (ABIS) followed babies from birth to 8 years of age. A total of 6749 children at 5 years of age (boys 52.6%) and 3017 children at 8 years (boys 52.3%) participated. A “fatty-fish index” was constructed on the basis of self-reports of nutritional habits. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children at 5 years were 12.9% and 4.2%, respectively. At 8 years, 12.2% of the children presented overweight and 2.3% obesity. Girls were more affected than boys by overweight/obesity. A higher fish index during pregnancy was not related to overweight/obesity in the children, whereas a higher fish index in the children during the first years of life was related to obesity at 5 and 8 years of age. This relationship disappeared in a multivariable analysis. Maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, and physical activity all remained related to overweight/obesity at both 5 and 8 years of age. Conclusion: No relationships were found between a lower intake of fatty fish in the diet, neither in mothers during pregnancy nor in early childhood, and increased risk of overweight/obesity. © 2019 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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6.
  • Edqvist, Jon, et al. (författare)
  • Severe COVID-19 Infection in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes During the First Three Waves in Sweden.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Diabetes care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 46:3, s. 570-578
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Type 2 diabetes is an established risk factor for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 infection, while findings with respect to type 1 diabetes have been diverging.Using nationwide health registries, we identified all patients aged ≥18 years with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Sweden. Odds ratios (ORs) describe the general and age-specific risk of being hospitalized, need for intensive care, or dying, adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors, and coexisting conditions, compared with individuals without diabetes. Machine learning models were used to find predictors of outcomes among individuals with diabetes positive for COVID-19.Until 30 June 2021, we identified 365 (0.71%) and 11,684 (2.31%) hospitalizations in 51,402 and 504,337 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively, with 67 (0.13%) and 2,848 (0.56%) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care and 68 (0.13%) and 4,020 (0.80%) dying (vs 7,824,181 individuals without diabetes [41,810 hospitalizations (0.53%), 8,753 (0.11%) needing ICU care, and 10,160 (0.13%) deaths). Although those with type 1 diabetes had moderately raised odds of being hospitalized (multiple-adjusted OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.24-1.53]), there was no independent effect on ICU care or death (OR of 1.21 [95% CI 0.94-1.52] and 1.13 [95% CI 0.88-1.48], respectively). Age and socioeconomic factors were the dominating features for predicting hospitalization and death in both types of diabetes.Type 2 diabetes was associated with increased odds for all outcomes, whereas patients with type 1 diabetes had moderately increased odds of hospitalization but not ICU care and death.
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7.
  • Enander, Rebecka, et al. (författare)
  • Beta cell function after intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy or intravenous insulin infusion at onset of type 1 diabetes in children without ketoacidosis.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Pediatric diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-5448 .- 1399-543X. ; 19:6, s. 1079-1085
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our aim was to see if IV insulin therapy at diagnosis preserves beta-cell function better than multiple subcutaneous (SC) injections.Fifty-four children 9.9 ± 3.5 years (range 2.8-14.9) without ketoacidosis were included in a 2 years, randomized multicenter study with insulin SC or 48 to 72 hours IV initially. Thirty-three (61%) were boys, 22 (41%) were pubertal. Forty-eight subjects completed 12 months follow-up and 43 completed 24 months. At 1, 6, 12, and 24 months, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide and insulin/kg/24 h were measured. At 24 months, a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) was performed.HbA1c at diagnosis was 10.7%, (93 mmol/mol) for IV, 10.7%, (94 mmol/mol) for SC. During the first 2 full days of insulin therapy, mean plasma glucose was 8.2 mmol/L for IV, 9.5 for SC (P = .025). Mean insulin dose was 1.5 U/kg/d for IV vs 1.0 for SC (P = .001). Sixteen (7 in IV, 9 in SC group) started with insulin pumps during the follow-up. At 24 months, we saw no significant differences: HbA1c (7.5%, 58 mmol/mol, for IV, 7.2%, 55 mmol/mol, for SC; ns), insulin doses (0.79 vs 0.88 U/kg/d; ns), fasting C-peptide (0.08 vs 0.12 nmol/L; ns), maximal MMTT response (0.19 vs 0.25 nmol/L; ns) and AUC (18.26 vs 23.9 nmol/L*min; ns). Peak C-peptide >0.2 nmol/L in the combined IV and SC groups correlated significantly with HbA1c and C-peptide at onset in a multiple regression.Residual beta cell function at 2 years seems to be independent from initial insulin regimens but related to HbA1c and C-peptide at onset.
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8.
  • Fagrell, Tobias G, et al. (författare)
  • Aetiology of severe demarcated enamel opacities--an evaluation based on prospective medical and social data from 17,000 children.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish Dental Journal (Sveriges Tandlakarforbund). - 0347-9994. ; 35:2, s. 57-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the 1970s dentists reported an increasing prevalence of a "new" type of enamel disturbance.The disturbance was very specific, with areas of demarcated hypomineralised enamel, and was mostly found in permanent first molars and incisors. Several studies have tried to reveal the aetiology behind the enamel disturbance but sofar no clear factors correlated have been found. The aim of the present study was to evaluate aetiological factors to severe demarcated opacities (SDO) in first permanent molars in a large cohort of children enrolled in the "All Babies in Southeast Sweden" (ABIS) project. ABIS is a prospective study of all children in five Swedish counties born between Oct 1, 1997 and Oct 1, 1999, in all about 17,000 children.They have been followed from birth with recording of a large number of factors on nutrition, diseases, medication, infections, social situation etc. With help from 89 Public Dental Service clinics in the same area preliminary examinations of the children, born between Oct 1,1997 and Oct 1,1999, reported 595 children with severe demarcated opacities (SDO) in first molars.These children and a randomly selected age matched group of 1,200 children were further invited to be examined by specialists in paediatric dentistry. At these examinations 224 severe cases were identified as well as 253 children completely without enamel disturbances among children registered in ABIS.These two groups were analysed according to any correlation between SDO and variables in the ABIS databank. The analyses showed no association between SDO and pre-, peri-, and neonatal data. However, we found a positive association between SDO and breastfeeding for more than 6 months (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.2), late introduction of gruel (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-2.9), and late introduction of infant formula (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.9). A combination of these three variables increased the risk to develop SDO by more than five times (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.6-15.7). No significant associations were found to other environmental, developmental, or medical factors. We conclude that nutritional conditions during first 6 months of life may influence the risk to develop severe demarcated opacities in first permanent molars.
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9.
  • Granfors, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • No association between use of multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the child
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 17:7, s. 525-530
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND:Sweden has the second highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world. Nutritional aspects in utero and in infancy affect the development. We conducted a survey to determine whether reported maternal use of vitamin D-containing micronutrient supplements during pregnancy was associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in the child.METHODS:This report was based on data from the ABIS (All Babies In Southeast Sweden) study, with questionnaire data on 16 339 mother and infant pairs at birth and at 1-yr of age (n = 10 879), of whom 108 children were registered with type 1 diabetes before 14-16 yr of age. The questions 'during pregnancy, did you take any vitamin/mineral supplements?' and 'if yes, which? (open answer)' in addition to other lifestyle questions were answered. Logistic regression was performed with onset of type 1 diabetes as the dependent variable and vitamin D supplementation use as the independent variable, adjusted for relevant factors.RESULTS:Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was consumed by 9.3% of mothers whose children later got type1 diabetes and among 11.3% of those mothers whose children did not get type 1 diabetes (p = 0.532). No significant association was found between reported supplement intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes, even when adjusting for factors which could influence the association.CONCLUSION:Maternal use of vitamin D-containing multivitamin supplements during pregnancy was not related to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in children before 14-16 yr of age in Southeast of Sweden.
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10.
  • Guo, Annie, et al. (författare)
  • Early-life diet and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a pooled study in two Scandinavian birth cohorts.
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 73:4, s. 590-600
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We assessed whether early-life diet quality and food intake frequencies were associated with subsequent IBD.Prospectively recorded 1-year and 3-year questionnaires in children from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden and The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were used to assess diet quality using a Healthy Eating Index and intake frequency of food groups. IBD was defined as >2 diagnoses in national patient registers. Cox regression yielded HRs adjusted (aHRs) for child's sex, parental IBD, origin, education level and maternal comorbidities. Cohort-specific results were pooled using a random-effects model.During 1 304 433 person-years of follow-up, we followed 81 280 participants from birth through childhood and adolescence, whereof 307 were diagnosed with IBD. Compared with low diet quality, medium and high diet quality at 1 year of age were associated with a reduced risk of IBD (pooled aHR 0.75 (95% CI=0.58 to 0.98) and 0.75 (95% CI=0.56 to 1.00)). The pooled aHR per increase of category was 0.86 (0.74 to 0.99). Pooled aHR for children 1 year old with high versus low fish intake was 0.70 (95% CI=0.49 to 1.00) for IBD, and showed association with reduced risk of UC (pooled aHR=0.46; 95% CI=0.21, 0.99). Higher vegetable intake at 1 year was associated with a risk reduction in IBD. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an increased risk of IBD. Diet quality at 3 years was not associated with IBD.In this Scandinavian birth cohort, high diet quality and fish intake in early life were associated with a reduced risk of IBD.
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