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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Doktorsavhandling > Engelska

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1.
  • Aagerup, Ulf, 1969- (författare)
  • It’s Not What You Sell : It’s Whom You Sell it To: How the Customer’s Character Shapes Brands and What Companies Do About it
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this dissertation I investigate the effects of user and usage imagery on brands and how businesses employ user imagery to build brands. Over four articles I present results that suggest that user imagery affects brand personality and that companies under certain conditions adapt their behavior to optimize this effect. Although both mass market fashion and nightclubs are susceptible to the influence of user imagery, out of the two only nightclubs actively reject customers to improve its effect on brand perception. I relate these practices to the practical and financial feasibility of rejecting customers, the character of nightclubs’ brands, and to their inability to differentiate their brands through any other brand personality influencer besides user imagery. In this dissertation, I also discuss the ethical ramifications of user imagery optimization through customer rejection. In one study, the role of conspicuous usage imagery on socially desirable consumer behavior is investigated. It is concluded that conspicuousness increases consumers' propensity to choose environmentally friendly products, and that this tendency is especially pronounced for individuals that are high in attention to social comparison information. The conclusion is that consumers use green products to self-enhance for the purpose of fitting in with the group rather than to stand out from it.
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2.
  • Aalders, Johannes Theodor (författare)
  • Ghostlines: Movements, Anticipations, and Drawings of the LAPSSET Development Corridor in Kenya
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport (LAPSSET) corridor is a partly completed development corridor in Kenya that will connect the eponymous places via roads, pipelines and railway lines, if completed. This thesis investigates how inhabitants of the traversed area navigate and shape the spatio-temporal landscape of the corridor, following three motifs: lines created through moving, anticipating, and drawing. Under moving, the thesis explores people’s encounters of LAPSSET as connection, obstacle, and repulsion, relying on mobile ethnography. In anticipating, the thesis introduces ‘spectral landscapes of anticipation’ to investigate different temporalities people create in relation to the corridor. In drawing, it considers ways of visualizing and envisioning infrastructure projects and introduces Collaborative Comic Creation as a possibility to cut through the visual normativity of infrastructural megaprojects.
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3.
  • Aasmundsen, Hans Geir (författare)
  • Pentecostalism, Globalisation and Society in Contemporary Argentina
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In Argentina, Pentecostalism had a breakthrough in the early 1980s, and today more than 10 per cent of the population are Pentecostals. The revival coincided with a socio-political transformation of Argentinean society. After half a century of dictatorships and Peronism, democracy was restored, and structural changes paved the way for a certain “autonomisation” of politics, law, economy, science and religion. The "new" form of society that developed resembles what in this study is called a Western model, which to a large degree is currently being diffused on a global scale. This work examines the new religious sphere and how Pentecostals relate to society at large, and the political and judicial sphere in particular. Social systems theory and an idea of communication as constitutive of social spheres, such as religious, political and judicial ones, form the theoretical foundation for the study. Methods that have been used are fieldwork, interviews and analyses of written material. It is concluded that evangelization and transformation are of major concern to Pentecostals in contemporary Argentina and that this follows a global trend. Evangelisation has always been important to, even a hallmark of, Pentecostalism. What has become as important is the urge for transformation, of the individual, the family and society. This leads to increased socio-political engagement. However, Pentecostals do not have a “fixed” idea of how society should be organised, i.e., they do not yet have a full-fledged political theology, a public theology or what could be called a Pentecostal ideology. This is mainly because they experience a lack of “compatibility” between the Pentecostal and the political communication. Their approaches to socio-political concerns seem to be based on an understanding of certain “values” as the fundamental building block of society.
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4.
  • Abay, Zelalem, 1986 (författare)
  • Essays on ESG disclosure, performance and assurance
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this dissertation, economic implications of ESG disclosure, performance and assurance are examined in three essays. It is evident in the recent developments that the need for a sustainable and responsible investments is beyond discussion and becoming inevitable. An integral element required to make such investments is ESG information. The role and importance of ESG, especially to investment decisions, is attracting regulators’ interest in approaching the provision of ESG information through mandatory disclosure. Moreover, credit rating agencies are showing interest into the implications of ESG to credit risks. The purpose of this thesis is, therefore, to examine the reception of the mandatory EU ESG disclosure, and to examine the potential monitoring and signaling roles of third-party ESG assurance. The overall results of the thesis are three-fold. First, in examining the perception of investors towards EU directive on mandatory ESG disclosure, essay one shows a negative stock market reaction which indicates investors’ assessment of the directive as costly. The costs may include administrative and reporting costs of complying the mandate and potential proprietary and political costs following the reporting. Second, using sample firms from EU, essay two shows a higher ESG performance for firms that assure their ESG reports than firms that do not assure ESG reports. The results confirm the signaling role of an independent third-party assurance to differentiate between ESG performances. Firms with higher ESG performance has the incentive to use third-party ESG assurance to differentiate themselves from counterparts with an inferior ESG performance, otherwise both types of firms could be pooled together. Third, in line with monitoring theory of assurance and risk mitigation role of ESG to credit risks, essay three shows a mediated role of third-party ESG assurance on credit ratings. The results shows that the third-party ESG assurance indirectly leads to a reduced credit risk transferred through an enhanced ESG performance.
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5.
  • Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959 (författare)
  • Re-evaluation of the hypothesis that LTP has two temporal phases and that the late phase is protein synthesis-dependent
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent increase in synaptic efficacy that is most studied in the hippocampus and that is considered a cellular substrate for learning and memory. Accepting the belief that the durability (persistence in time) of LTP is analogical to long-standing store of hippocampus-dependent memories warrants the necessity for understanding the mechanisms underlying LTP stabilization. Although the great majority of neuroscientists assume that LTP induction, akin to the formation of memories triggers the synthesis of proteins that are instrumental for subsequent consolidation neither the identity of such presumed proteins nor the mechanisms by which they act to consolidate LTP are clear. Based on this notion LTP is distinguished temporally into an early phase (E-LTP), which is protein synthesis-independent and a late phase (L-LTP), which is protein synthesis-dependent. However, several behavioral and electrophysiological findings cast doubts on this notion. In the present thesis I have examined the effect of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) on the stabilization of LTP in hippocampal slices obtained from young rats. Treating hippocampal slices with PSIs using a temporal window relative to the induction of LTP that has previously been used in the literature failed to block L-LTP, a result in contrast with published data. However, long-lasting pretreatment with the PSI emetine blocked LTP by LTP-unrelated mechanism as the drug showed deteriorating effect on the baseline response. In contrast, depleting the protein repertoire in the slice by long-lasting pretreatment with the PSI cycloheximide deteriorated the stabilization of LTP. Additionally, acceleration of protein degradation using hydrogen peroxide after the induction of LTP resulted in decay of LTP. Addition of cycloheximide induced additive decay of LTP stabilization. These contradictory findings have recently been replicated by other laboratories. In this thesis I present a working model that aims to explain the discrepant findings regarding PSI and LTP. The model concedes that knowing the kinetics of protein turnover during the induction of LTP may provide a prediction for the subsequent stabilization of LTP. This can explain the wide variability in the time course of the presumed protein-synthesis independent E-LTP. The model gains support from experiments in which a low concentration of the proteasome inhibitor MG-115 improved the stability of LTP induced by a weak induction protocol. In summary, my results suggest that 1) the temporal distinction of LTP into E- and L-LTP is a false dichotomy and 2) the rate of protein degradation may explain whether PSIs would, or would not, have an effect on LTP stabilization.
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6.
  • Abd El-Gawad, Gamal, 1959 (författare)
  • Urologic and metabolic consequences of continent urostomy (Kock reservoir) in children and adolescents
  • 2001
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • During the last decades, urinary diversion using an intestinal segment has been commonly used in children and adolescents. Kock pouch is a feasible alternative for the children in need of a continent diversion where other alternatives such as Mitrofanoff are excluded for various reasons. The present study focused on the evaluation of the urologic and metabolic consequences after continent urinary diversion (Kock reservoir) and the assessment of the quality of life after surgery in children and adolescents. Twenty patients with congenital urinary incontinence were operated and followed for 3-12 years. The reservoir and upper urinary tract were studied through enterocystometry, enterocystoscopy, enterocystography, intravenous urography and clinical history. Acid-base status, serum electrolytes, vitamin B12, folate, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocystine were measured. Renal function was assessed by Cr51 EDTA clearance and serum creatinine and the split renal function by (99m) Tc-MAG 3 renoscintigraphy. Patients answered a questionnaire that covered medical, physical, social and body image aspects. The follow-up was divided into different periods: early -EFU (3 months - 2 or 5 years), and late -LFU (2-10 or 5-12 years after surgery).A low reservoir pressure was accompanied by high capacity and compliance. Nipple malfunction (angled nipple, prolapsed or stenosed stoma) occurred in 35% and stones in 40% of patients. Reservoir perforation was observed in 2 patients. An excellent continence was reported in 90% and a good one in the rest of patients. Angled efferent nipple seen on enterocystoscopy or enterocystography coincided with nipple malfunction, reservoir mal-position or infrequent emptying (= 4 times/day). Ureteral dilatation was detected in 84% of patients 3 months after surgery. The dilatation was improved in 56% and unchanged in 25% of patients after one year, and then it continued to improve at the LFU. New focal renal scars were radiologically detected in 2 patients. Three patients had metabolic acidosis and 8 had hyperchloremia. Serum creatinine level was increased in 82% of patients with infrequent emptying at the LFU (P<0.05). GFR was below normal in 4 patients preoperatively, in 6 at the EFU and in 8 at the LFU. Two patients developed low B12 values and 2 had elevated MMA with normal B12 values. Blood folate was low in 5 patients at the EFU and in different 5 at the LFU. There was no correlation between the resected ileal segment length and B12 value.Physical activities were not hampered by the operation in any patient. Instead, some activities as full day outside home and friend at home over night were increased in some patients. More than half of patients had excellent positive self-esteem and body image and the rest had good one. However, some patients were concerned about how they looked and felt that life was unfair to them.Conclusion: Kock reservoir remains a viable alternative to other forms of continent urinary diversion. The stability of the reservoir volume and low internal pressures was achieved early after operation depending on the frequency of the reservoir emptying. Efferent nipple malfunction is common during the first 2 years after surgery. The Kock pouch provided a satisfactory continence to all patients, although a revisional operation was necessary in some patients to get a permanent continence. Urinary tract dilatation is a frequent finding postoperatively, but it subsides in most cases 3-12 months after surgery. Long-term afferent nipple dysfunction may be the result of angulation, reservoir stones, mal-position and/or over-distension. Permanent renal damage may be due to pyelonephritis, stones, infrequent reservoir emptying, urinary obstruction, or metabolic acidosis. A strict regime of reservoir evacuation to decrease the possibility of metabolic alterations and of renal function deterioration is strongly advisable in these patients. Vitamin B12 and folate values should be monitored regularly. B12 deficiency is neither correlated with the time elapsed since surgery, nor with the resected ileal length. Serum MMA and homocystine may offer increased detection of occult B12 deficiency. The patients were physically active and declared a positive perspective regarding self-esteem and body image. The medical problems related to the operation did not have any negative influence on the self-esteem or body image. The choice of the operation can only be determined on the basis of an attentive dialogue between surgeon, child and parents.
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7.
  • Abdalrahim, Maysoon S, 1962 (författare)
  • Postoperative Pain Assessment and Management: The Effects of an Educational program on Jordanian nurses’ practice, knowledge, and attitudes
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aims: The overall aims of this thesis was describe the current nursing postoperative pain assessment and management practices in the surgical wards in Jordan and evaluate the effectiveness of implementing a ostoperative pain management (POPM) program in improving the Jordanian nurses’ POP assessment and management practices in the surgical wards. Lewin’s Force-Field Model for change provided the structure for planning for and implementing the POPM program. Method: Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Qualitative content analysis inspired by the hermeneutic philosophy was used to describe the surgical nurses’ experiences in caring for patients having POP. Data were collected by interviewing 12 registered nurses working in surgical wards at four hospitals in Jordan. A retrospective quantitative design was used to collect data on the documentation system and strategies of the POP assessment and management in the surgical wards. A total of 322 patients’ records obtained from six hospitals in Jordan were audited in six-month period. The records review was performed using three audit instruments. Later, a POPM program for nurses was implemented in two surgical wards at a university hospital in Jordan. The program was evaluated by means of a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group where the control group (120 patients) and the intervention group (120 patients) were not drawn from the same population. All registered nurses (65 nurses) employed in the two surgical wards participated in the study to implement the program. First, assessment of patients’ communication about pain with nurses and their satisfaction about nurses’ intervention were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Second, the quality of nurses’ pain assessment was evaluated by comparing the attending nurses’ assessment of patients’ pain intensity rating scores with the researcher’s rating scores of the same patients. Third, a questionnaire was used to test the nurses’ knowledge of and their attitudes toward pain. Forth, the records were audited before and after the intervention. The POPM program was implemented for three months. Findings: The findings of the studies I and II formulated the foundation where the researchers can illuminate the main issues and obstacles in the process of change toward better POP management. Findings from these studies draw attention to the fact that there is an urgent need for improving POP assessment, management and documentation. The findings illustrated that the implementation of an educational program for nurses was successful. First of all, the quality communicated information about pain and pain management with patients was significantly improved. Secondly, the nurses developed the habit of assessing POP intensity using numeric rating scales, in addition to the assessment of other pain characteristics. Thirdly, the nurses improved their knowledge about POP, and their attitudes toward it were evidently changed. Finally, the nurses improved their practice in documenting patients’ pain. The patients’ records showed a significant difference in the amount and the quality of nursing documentation which reflected the fact that nurses became more aware about the importance of documentation and might also means that they change their practices toward better POP management. Discussion and Implications: The studies provide several contributions to the knowledge and understanding of the POP current management practices such as the recognition of the surgical patients suffering due to the unsatisfactory pain management routines, the impact of health institutions restraints on nurses that prohibit them from providing quality of care for patients with POP, and the need to change the current practices of nursing documentation of POP. The findings add to a growing body of literature on the benefits of implementing educational programs for nurses to improve their roles in caring for patients with POP. The findings of this thesis provide opportunities for nurses to evaluate themselves in the area of POP knowledge and management practices which may affect their caring abilities. Another implication related to nursing practice is that this study might increase the awareness of the health care professionals and the health institutions administration toward the establishment of team work to induce change with a common purpose in upgrading the quality of pain assessment and management. Managers and supervisors can facilitate the application of educational programs and incorporate with the team to move more quickly in the desired change. Implications of the study may be relevant to nursing education and in continuing education of health care institutions.
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8.
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9.
  • Abdul-Hussein, Saba (författare)
  • Cellular studies of neuromuscular disorders related to the sarcomeric proteins
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sarcomere is the basic unit of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and its proper function requires an invariant organization of this structure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are known to cause increasing number of different cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The front line in research on muscle diseases is at present to define the genetic background and pathogenesis of these diseases. The potential for development of effective therapies depends on elucidation of the molecular and cellular impact of the mutations on morphological abnormalities and muscle weakness that accompany pathogenesis. In paper I we identified an unexpected skeletal muscle myopathy in an infant with fatal cardiomyopathy due to a homozygous mutation in MyBPC3. The ectopic expression of cardiac MyBPC was restricted to abnormal type 1 muscle fibres, indicating that the muscle pathology was caused by a dominate-negative effect of mutant MyBPC3. In paper II we addressed the expression profile of a panel of sarcomeric components during myogenesis, with a focus on proteins associated with a group of congenital disorders. The analyses were performed in cultured human skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. We identified early expression of certain isoforms involved in congenital diseases, suggesting the possibility of an early role for these proteins as constituent of the developing contractile apparatus during myofibrillogenesis. In paper III we used human tissue-culture cells as a model to investigate the primary trigger for β-tropomyosin-related myopathies and the basis for the histological changes seen in muscle biopsies of patients. Protein localization and pathobiology caused by dominant TPM2 mutations were investigated by transfecting human myoblasts and C2C12 with WT and mutant EGFP-fusion β-TM constructs. Abnormal aggregation of β-TM variants and their localization within the thin filaments was observed in myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. We demonstrated that histopathological phenotypes associated with β-TM mutants might be accounted for the variable response to the cellular environment influenced by physiological context, in combination with the time course of expression of mutant protein rather than the alteration of amino acid itself. Our results confirmed that cell cultures of human skeletal muscle are an appropriate tool and environment closer to the reality in human skeletal muscle and more reliably mimic the disease conditions. In paper IV we identified and characterized a new human protein aggregate myopathy and cardiomyopathy associated with combined mutations in isogenes TRIM63 and TRIM54, encoding muscle specific ring finger proteins, MuRF1 and MuRF3, respectively. Our morphological and cellular investigation suggested that the disease is caused through impaired organization of the microtubule network and sarcomeric M-band proteins. The results from this study have deepened the understanding of pathogenesis of a group of sarcomeric
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10.
  • Abdulkarim, Khadija (författare)
  • Population-Based Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, complications and prognosis
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ABSTRACT Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPNs) are rare clonal hematological malignancies, mainly including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF). Patients with these diseases run a high risk of vascular complications and may transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Population-based studies relating to these issues are few in number. The aims were (i) to investigate the rate of AML development in subtypes of Ph-MPNs, (ii) to determine whether clinical and bone marrow findings at diagnosis have an impact on survival and vascular complications in PV and ET, (iii) to find prognostic tools based on clinical findings in newly diagnosed PV and (iv) to describe the “real”-life data from newly diagnosed PV and ET. We have investigated these issues in population-based material; study (i) and (iii) were based on patients from both Gothenburg, Sweden, and the Côte d`Or area, France. Study (ii) was based only from Gothenburg and study (iv) comprised PV and ET patients in the National MPN Registry. In the median observation period of 15 years, 7% (56 of 795) of patients with Ph-MPN transformed to AML. The yearly rate of AML transformation was significantly higher in MF (1.09%) compared with that of ET (0.37%) and PV (0.38%); (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002 respectively). Patients with PV had a significantly shorter survival compared with the general Swedish population (HR 1.66; CI: (1.38-1.99); p < 0.001). For ET, however, the corresponding survival differences did not reach statistical significance (HR 1.23; CI: (0.97-1.51); p = 0.089). Low hemoglobin at the time of diagnosis predicted poor survival in ET (p = 0.0281) and splenomegaly predicted poor survival in PV (p = 0.037). Using multivariate analysis, independent risk factors at diagnosis for survival in PV patients were identified as age > 70 years, WBC > 13×109/L and thrombotic events. Patients with none of these risk factors had a 10-year relative survival (RS) of 84%, compared with 59% and 26% in patients with one and two or three risk factors respectively. In the fourth study, we showed that vascular complications preceded an MPN diagnosis in 35% of ET and 37% of PV and multivariate analysis identified low hemoglobin as a risk factor for thromboembolic complications in PV (p = 0.012), while in ET age > 65 years, WBC > 12 × 109 /L and the presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation were independent risk factors (p = 0.0004, p = 0.0038 and p = 0.0016 respectively).
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