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- Abelsson, Tobias
(författare)
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Primärvården och evidensen Evidensbaserad praktik i svensk offentlig primärvård från olika perspektiv
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of information technology and growing insight into the limitations of the old paradigm of practicing medicine resulted in historical events that led to the emergence of evidence-based practice (EBP). Which centers upon putting the evidence of science and clinical knowledge of the health professional in dialogue with the patient and his or her needs and preferences in receiving care. The thesis aim to investigate the prerequisites of evidence-based practice following the evidence-based medicine (EBM) model. Which was accomplished by conducting four studies spread across the domains of evidence-based practice. The studies combined qualitative and quantitative methodology and results in a contemporary description of the attitudes towards evidence-based practice and its possibility to be applied within the primary healthcare organization of today. The key findings of the thesis show that increasing demand for efficiency results in a chronic lack of time and resources to properly execute individual notions of what evidence-based practices ought to be. The deficiency of knowledge and resources is present on both co-worker and managerial levels. In addition, the results indicate that there exist attitudes towards research are somewhat reluctant, that is, that research and evidence-based practice are recognized as something positive and needed. Although research and tasks associated with evidence-based practice seemed somewhat extracurricular. At the same time, it´s mentioned that co-workers also stated that it was sometimes hard to get information relevant for use in primary care. The perceived barrier signals that the influence of economic value and efficiency takes precedence on a practice that ought to be aimed at helping the patient. Primary healthcare is very much heavily reliant on information, which in turn is dependent of internal and external factors to direct resources such as time. Today, there is a growing patient-centered care. Aimed at reducing the existent gap between evidence and clinical practice.
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- Adamsson Eryd, Henrietta, 1983
(författare)
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”See there I’m stuck now!” Samtalsdeltagares orientering mot att tala svenska i amerikasvenska dialektintervjuer
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a qualitative investigation of a communicative project called tala svenska (speak swedish) in American Swedish dialect interviews. The aim of the study is to analyze and describe the communicative project. Based on this aim the study investigates the interviews as activities with accompanying frames, roles and phases. Interactional resources and how those are being used in doing the communicative project, and the activity, are also a part of the analysis. The material consists of audio and video recordings of American Swedish dialect interviews and the analysis is based on 12 recordings with 10 interviewees/participants and 6 interviewers. The participants are of different ages and have different reasons for speaking Swedish. Some of them have visited Sweden and speak Swedish on a regular basis, while some do not have anyone to talk Swedish to and have never visited Sweden. The analysis of the interviews, and the speakers’ usage of the interactional resources, show that in doing the joint communicative project of speaking Swedish, the participants and the interviewers use different strategies. Based on activity roles, the participants orient themselves toward achieving speaking Swedish, while the interviewers act toward the participants’ speaking by using intentional passivity. In the American Swedish dialect interviews the communicative project, i.e. speaking Swedish, is made visible through the participants use of the interactional resources code alternation, repair, meta comments and metalinguistic comments. Through marked and unmarked code alternation and through side sequences made by code alternation the participants orient themselves toward the communicative project of speaking Swedish as a part of the activity American Swedish dialect interviews. Repair and metalinguistic comments are being used to mark code alternation and that makes the communicative project tala svenska visible by speakers focusing on speaking Swedish. Code alternated side sequences that are meta comments or side sequences that do a different activity than the ongoing dialect interview, make the communicative project tala svenska visible by speakers uttering them in another code, i. e. leaving the inner frame and inner activity both by action and code.
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- Agnesdotter, Carina, 1969
(författare)
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Dikt i rörelse. Ingrid Sjöstrand och poesins retorik i kvinnornas fredsrörelse 1979–1982
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Poetry has held a significant position in the argumentation employed by the social movements of Sweden ever since their growth during the later decades of the nineteenth century. This tradition lived on in the new social movements that from the late 1970’s opposed atomic energy and nuclear weapons. Using a number of poems by the writer Ingrid Sjöstrand (born 1922) as a point of departure, this thesis investigates rhetorical actions performed with the aid of poetry in situations involving the organisation Kvinnokamp för fred (Women’s Struggle for Peace) from its inception in 1979 through 1982. The central questions addressed are the following: What characterizes the rhetorical situations to which the poems relate and how do the poems relate to them? What are the purposes of the poems? How, i.e. with what rhetorical and literary approaches and strategies, do the poems present their arguments? To what degree and in what ways do rhetorical and aesthetic functions interact? What information do the poems present about the pertinent movements? How do the poems contribute to the movements’ production of knowledge? In the first chapter, Kvinnokamp för fred and the rhetorical position of the poems are considered from the perspective of the women’s movement. Kvinnokamp för fred dealt with the broad issues of human survival with specific emphasis on the ideologies of radical feminism and the feminist cultural movement. Three poems on sisterhood are analyzed in the second chapter. The relationship of these poems to the women’s movement is focused, as are their contributions to the production of knowledge concerning the concept sister and to the construction of collective identity within the movement. Chapter three describes the rhetorical situation from the perspective of alternative movements. In Sjöstrand’s socially critical texts the causes of society's problems are linked to the short-sighted rationality directed at economic results that governs modern society. The fourth chapter deals with two poems against nuclear power specifically directed toward readers and listeners with roots in the workers' movement. The emphasis here is on how the poems are adapted to the situation and constructed to appeal to this specific audience. Three poems against nuclear armament are discussed in chapter five. The poems’ methods of persuasion are spotlighted as is the relationship between aesthetics and rhetorics. The most important results of the thesis are summarized in the concluding chapter. Sjöstrand’s poems of use are characterized by their implementation of compressed forms of classical rhetorical concepts in their argumentation. Through this technique, Sjöstrand weaves together rhetorical and esthetic functions in the poems. The complexity and the limited concretization of the poems' arguments allows for a collaborative audience, thus contributing to the poems' rhetorical effectiveness and cognitive functions. The analyses reveal how these poems contribute to the creation of awareness, readiness to act and collective identity, and in so doing provide a platform for a concluding discussion on the nature and characteristics of the literary genre poetry of use.
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- Ahlberg, Kristina, 1954
(författare)
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Synvändor : universitetsstudenters berättelser om kvalitativa förändringar av sätt att erfara situationers mening under utbildningspraktik
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this study has been to examine the questions: Do people experience view-turns? Can they describe them? What do the processes signify? A narrative method, with an open and dual-focussed interview question to students of medicine, nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy in their final term, was used to obtain accounts of university students? experiences of changing ways of experiencing during educational placement. The accounts revealed that all interviewed students except one had found it meaningful and possible to describe experienced processes of changing ways of experiencing. The accounts were analysed phenomenographically and two qualitatively different main categories were discerned, which were drawn directly from the students? descriptions: Addition of Something New, with subcategories Information and Result, and Restructuring of Awareness, with subcategories Figure/Ground, Difference/Similarity, Perspective and Whole/Part. Categorisation of the accounts was verified in a three-stage interjudge reliability test with three independent assessors. Significant difference between placing in the two main categories was found between accounts by students of medicine and those by students of nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Medical students? accounts were categorised predominantly as addition of something new, whilst accounts from nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students were categorised almost exclusively as restructuring of awareness. This difference was elucidated by theoretical and historical connection to the Natural Attitude and the Philosophical Attitude described within early phenomenology. The described view-turns were theoretically elucidated with phenomenology, pragmatic meaning formation theory and gestalt theory. The theories, which each give a partial understanding of view-turns, all fail however to explain fully the findings of this study. Contradictions amongst the single-dimensional theoretical understandings offered are suggested to be reconciled through the variation theory of learning, by the premise of co-constitution of experiencing and the experienced. An element of contradiction is seen to be integral to dynamic processes of learning. The research question?s simultaneous focussing on two ways of experiencing something appears to have been decisive in revealing dynamic processes of changing ways of experiencing as well as way of experiencing.
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- Ahlman, Christer
(författare)
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Vänskap, värden, vandel: Avvikelser och återhämtningsstrategier hos Göteborgs första generation ungdomsnarkomaner
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how and why a sample of young people who were criminals and drug addicts in the 1960s – Gothenburg’s first generation of young drug junkies – could get up on their feet and then sustain an orderly life. The empirical material consists of recorded and transcribed life history interviews with 15 individuals, 10 of whom had rather central positions within Gothenburg’s first generation of young drug addicts. Three of the remaining five have had close and lasting contacts and relations with the same social circle, while two have had similar experiences from other places. Several of these persons were interviewed both in the 1980s, when they had been drug-free for ten years, and then again in the 2000s, when they were about 60 years old. The connection between relationship and dialogue becomes methodologically important, since several of the interviewees have been the author’s friends and acquaintances. Autobiographical literature and the author’s own memories supplement the transcribed interviews. In the dissertation, the individuals’ entry into the circle of drug users is explained by the cultural environment and spirit of the times, and by the material conditions and situations that surrounded them in Gothenburg in the 1950-60s, but also by broken families and deficient parental attachment. The interviewees’ recollections indicate that they were provided moral cornerstones as children, which in combination with a demanding and exhausting lifestyle fuelled their willingness to break away from their drug-saturated existence. The conflict between internalised ethics and a deviant lifestyle has in such stages of transition often manifested itself in experiences of burnout and psychotic breakdowns. Their recovery has in many cases been characterised by a series of relationships with partners leading a more organised life, and these periods have served as effective training. Rather than resulting in a new lasting period of deviance, the interviewees’ possible relapse attempts have provided dull and dreary experiences. In fact, they have reinforced their recognition of themselves as ‘normal’. Their lasting and intensive drug use has not led to a life-long identification or ex-role as drug addict, compared with their class and gender roles or other deep roles. During the years following their recovery period, most of the interviewees have had longstanding family commitments and partner relations as well as decent working and housing conditions. At the time of the interviews in the first decade of the 21st century, all of them displayed a distanced and controlled relation to drugs (apart from tobacco).
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- Ajanovic, Midhat, 1959
(författare)
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Den rörliga skämtteckningen. Stil, transformation och kontext
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract THE MOVING CARTOON Style, Transformation and Context The main objective of this study is to identify a special type of film; the moving cartoon, which is a subgenre of drawn animation based on the visual humour developed in caricature and captionless cartoons. The basic tools of cartoon expression are pictorial incongruities where the humour arises from mismatches between elements within the image of a certain recognizable situation. Caricature and cartoon always manifest themselves as either satire or parody and reflect ways of thinking about the world in one particular society during one period of time. That is why the study also considers the connection between a moving cartoon and its socio-historical context and cultural reference points. The study is divided into two parts. The first part, chapters 1-4, provides an understanding of the study’s central concepts of film animation, caricature and cartoon, based on their elementary aspects. The second part of the study, chapters 5-13, suggests an evolutionary process of development of the form in which evolutionary stages are presented and defined in terms of artistic, industrial, social, historical, and cultural contexts. This part of the study is divided into three sections. It starts with an account of the development of the earliest caricatures up to the silent animated cartoons of Émile Cohl and argue that early US animation was heavily influenced by contemporary comics. Some animated series which had emerged by the early 1920s introduced visual humour founded on the cartoon characters self-reference to its drawn status. The section concerning early sound animation opens with an examination of Disney’s model of animation, and continues with analyses of the main alternatives to it within US animation: Fleischer’s adult-oriented films constructed with a freewheeling structure influenced by jazz, Tex Avery’s crazy parodies based on the rapid-paced gag and incogruous humour, and UPA’s minimalist cartoon style introduced during the 1940s. The last section deals with European animation starting with the Zagreb school from the late 1950s that mounted an allegorical critique of the Cold War division of the world, Fyodor Khitruk’s incisive satire on life in the Soviet Union in his films produced during the thaw, while British female animators have widened the scope for social criticism since the 1970s. Keywords: Animation, film animation, single-frame shooting, humour, cartoon, caricature, microshot, micro-editing, metamorphoses, incongruity, parody, satire.
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