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| 2. |
- Forsemalm, Joakim, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Qualities: ett kunskapsområde
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här kunskapsöversikten är ett försök att utkristallisera relevant forskning såväl som praktisk kunskap för Mistra Urban Futures om urbana kvaliteter. Översikten är kopplad till ett arbete som genomförts under vår och höst 2011 med syfte att skapa underlag för den Strategiska plan som utgör grunden för Mistra Urban Futures planering och aktiviteter. Under våren 2011 arbetade sex grupper med varsitt kunskapsfält – urbana kvaliteter, urban förändring (”transitions”), urbana kulturer, urbana rättigheter, urban tillgänglighet och urban uthållighet. Tanken var att dessa skulle utgöra de sex bärande fokusområdena för centrets verksamhet. Sedermera kom dessa sex områden att slås ihop till tre - FAIR, GREEN och DENSE – vilka nu utgör de tre övergripande problem- och kunskapsområdena för Mistra Urban Futures.
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| 3. |
- Ranisch, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics of digital contact tracing apps for the Covid-19 pandemic response
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic man- agement. These apps raise significant moral concerns. It is therefore crucial to consider ethical requirements before and while implementing such apps. Public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely under- mine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness. In response to these demands, to meet ethical requirements and find a basis for justified trust, this background introduces an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. However, even prudently chosen measures of digital contact tracing carry moral costs, which makes it necessary address different trade-offs. This background paper aims to inform developers, researchers and decision-makers be- fore and throughout the process of implementing contact tracing apps.
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| 4. |
- Spetea, Cornelia, 1968
(författare)
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Energy-efficient cultivation of marine microalgae for biomass production : Final rapport: Energimyndigheten P45907-1
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project has demonstrated the principle of rotational cultivation of marine microalgae and that species adapted to cold climates can provide higher productivity during cold periods. By using marine species, and thus seawater instead of freshwater in cultivation, the environmental impact is reduced. Society faces major challenges to produce sufficient amounts of biomass for energy and material, and microalgae have a great potential to complement sources from forestry and agriculture. At Nordic latitudes year-round microalgae cultivation is debatable due to seasonal variations in productivity. Shall the same species be used throughout the year or shall seasonal-adapted species be used? The aims of the project were to identify suitable algal strains for a potential annual rotation model, where different strains are rotated during three cultivation seasons, and to further develop and optimize an energy-efficient cultivation process for the marine environment. To achieve these aims, a laboratory study was performed where two marine microalgal strains out of 167 were selected for intended cultivation at the west coast of Sweden. One strain belongs to the species Nannochloropsis granulata and the other to Skeletonema marinoi. The strains were cultivated in three simulated growth seasons: summer, winter and spring, and thereafter compared. We show that Nannochloropsis produced more biomass with more incorporated energy in lipids during summer and spring (25 MJ kg-1 compared to about 45 MJ kg-1 for diesel), whereas Skeletonema produced more biomass rich in carbohydrates and proteins during winter. Skeletonema was in general more efficient in taking up phosphate. Based on our results, biomass production as energy feedstock would be energy efficient only during the summer on the Swedish west coast. Nevertheless, species could be rotated for different purposes during the year. Biomass production could be combined with nutrient recycling of wastewater, for example, from fish industry. Our project faces a challenge in boosting the biomass produced in winter, but this could be solved, for example, by optimization of the cultivation medium and temperature increase with heat wastewater or other heat waste. The summer species Nannochloropsis proved to withstand winter by activating different lipid metabolic pathways than the cold-adapted species Skeletonema uses. Enhanced synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes, in Skeletonema during winter may compensate for their reduced activities, promoting growth and biomass production even at low temperatures. More species need to be studied to find those with higher productivity under winter conditions. In practice, the work-related consequences of a rotational cultivation should be weighed against its benefits, relative to a shorter cultivation season in each application. Potential applications mainly include cleaning of air and seawater, production of energy, biomass and biomaterials for the industry.
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| 5. |
- Coumans, Collette
(författare)
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Järseke såg: Sågning med bandsåg
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten dokumenteras arbetet vid ett mindre sågverk, Järseke såg, i Vinslöv, Skåne, som arbetar med många olika träslag och dimensioner. Rapporten bygger på intervjuer med Svenne Hermodsson som drivit sågen 1973-2018. Den beskriver detaljerat hur sågprocessen samt förvaringen och torkningen av virket går till. Rapporten är ett resultat av ett gästhantverkarprojekt vid Hantverkslaboratoriet. Författaren är bygghantverkare.
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| 6. |
- Sandström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Miljösituationen förr och nu i skogsindustrirecipienter - Bakgrundsrapport
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten redovisas fabriksbeskrivningar samt utsläpps- och recipientdata. Sammanställningen är inriktad på information som kan utgöra grund för analys av återhämtning av miljöpåverkan i relation till recipientkaraktär och andra faktorer som visat sig vara betydelsefulla. De områden som identifieras som särskilt viktiga för miljöskyddsåtgärder och därför prioriteras är övergödning, förekomst av miljöfarliga ämnen samt toxiska effekter på organismer.
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| 7. |
- Sandström, O, et al.
(författare)
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Återhämtning och kvarvarande miljöeffekter i skogsindustrins recipienter - Utvärdering av 50 års miljöundersökningar
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En historisk genomgång av produktion och utsläpp till vatten av miljöstörande ämnen från elva utvalda fabriker, olika åtgärder för att minska utsläppen, data från recipientkontroll, undersökningar i samband med tillståndsärenden och en rad forskningsrapporter har legat till grund för analys och slutsatser av återhämtningsförlopp och kvarvarande miljöeffekter i recipienterna. Rapporten visar att miljöpåverkan från massa- och papperstillverkning i Sverige i de flesta fall har begränsats mycket kraftigt. Dock finns fortfarande kvarstående problem och den ekologiska statusen bedöms vara otillräcklig i många recipienter. I rapporten föreslås att ett antal utredningar och uppföljande studier genomförs i syfte att belysa viktiga kvarstående problemställningar.
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| 8. |
- Werner, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Harm caused by Marine Litter
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine litter is a global concern with a range of problems associated to it, as recognised by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Marine litter can impact organisms at different levels of biological organization and habitats in a number of ways namely: through entanglement in, or ingestion of, litter items by individuals, resulting in death and/or severe suffering; through chemical and microbial transfer; as a vector for transport of biota and by altering or modifying assemblages of species. Marine litter is a threat not only to marine species and ecosystems but also carries a risk to human health and has significant implications to human welfare, impacting negatively vital economic sectors such as tourism, fisheries, aquaculture or energy supply and bringing economic losses to individuals, enterprises and communities. This technical report aims to provide clear insight about the major negative impacts from marine litter by describing the mechanisms of harm. Further it provides reflexions about the evidence for harm from marine litter to biota comprising the underlying aspect of animal welfare while also considering the socioeconomic effects, including the influence of marine litter on ecosystem services. General conclusions highlight that understanding the risks and uncertainties with regard to the harm caused by marine litter is closely associated with the precautionary principle. The collected evidence in this report can be regarded as a supporting step to define harm and to provide an evidence base for the various actions needed to be implemented by decision-makers. This improved knowledge about the scale of the harmful effects of marine litter will further support EU Member States (MSs) and Regional Seas Conventions (RSCs) to implement their programme of measures, regional action plans and assessments.
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| 9. |
- Cullinane, Kevin
(författare)
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Targeting the Environmental Sustainability of European Shipping: The Need for Innovation in Policy and Technology
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At their Summit meeting in Gothenburg in June 2001, Europe’s heads of state and government reached agreement on a European strategy for sustainable development. The social and economic dimensions of the Lisbon strategy were complemented by an environmental dimension. Thus, the Gothenburg Summit represents a breakthrough for sustainable development in the European Union (EU). The University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology made a commitment to serve, through the joint Centre for Environment and Sustainability (GMV), as a hub for research and scientific follow up of the EU sustainable development strategy. In order to fulfill this commitment, the two universities have established a European Panel for Sustainable Development (EPSD), together with Lund University. In addition, individual members from other universities and research institutes contribute to the work of the Panel. The Centre for Environment and Sustainability (GMV) in Gothenburg is the lead organization in the EPSD. The first report produced by the Panel in 2004 was “From Here to Sustainability – Is the Lisbon/Gothenburg Agenda Delivering?” This was put forward as an independent contribution from academics to the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy for growth, competitiveness and jobs. The second report “Make the Kok-report sustainable” was produced by the EPSD as a reflection on, and a response to, the mid-term review on the Lisbon strategy chaired by the former Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Wim Kok. The third report “Towards a Smart Growth Strategy for Sustainable Development” aimed to contribute to the re-launch of the EU sustainable development strategy. It contained a critical assessment of “A Platform for Action”, the proposal for an updated strategy put forward by the European Commission. The fourth report “TAKING CHILDREN SERIOUSLY – How the EU can Invest in Early Childhood Education for a Sustainable Future” presented research on children’s interest and ability to understand questions on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. The present report “Targeting the Environmental Sustainability of European Shipping: The Need for Innovation in Policy and Technology” has emerged from a background survey with the aim of mapping what is being done on sustainable shipping within the European Union. A wide scope of strategic EU policy sectors and documents, including existing directives, legislation and regulations on shipping were scrutinized to describe the actual knowledge framework. The background study defines areas where new research could contribute in closing knowledge gaps, and gives a compilation of directives and policy documents concerning sustainable shipping in a European perspective. Based on a definition of sustainable shipping that include all three pillars of sustainable development, the present report presents a holistic view and strategies for achieving a sustainable shipping industry. The report provides scientifically based knowledge of various aspects that affect sustainability at sea, such as particles, greenhouse gases, ship wrecks, ship recycling, and intermodality, as well as a comprehensive overview and updates on regulations. These various areas are presented as separate chapters and solid recommendations are presented on future actions (on EU and international level) to make the shipping industry in Europe a sustainable business. The main author of the report was Prof. Kevin Cullinane, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. The separate chapters in the report were written by Lars Barregård, University of Gothenburg, Erik Fridell, Hulda Winnes, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (Particle emission from ships); Hannes Johnson 1 , Chalmers University of Technology (GHG Emissions and the Energy Efficiency Gap in Shipping); Peter Domini, Stena Metall (Ship Recycling: A Global Issue); Lars Barregård, University of Gothenburg (The Health Risks Associated with the Ship Breaking Industry); Ida-Maja Hassellöv, Chalmers University of Technology (Potentially Polluting Shipwrecks); Abhinayan Basu Bal, University of Gothenburg (Sustainable Intermodal Transport with Short Sea Shipping in the EU); A number of researchers and knowledgeable persons have constituted a reference group and further contributed to the report: Katarina Gårdfeldt, Maria Svane, Dan Strömberg, and Jonas Norrman, GMV, Gothenburg; Karin Andersson, Björn Södahl, Josefin Borg, and Oliver Lindqvist, Chalmers University of Technology; Lars Göran Malmberg, Johan Boman, Johan Woxenius, and Mattias Hallquist, University of Gothenburg, Christer Forsgren, Stena Metall; Anders Carlberg, Vgregion; Carl Carlsson, Swedish Shipowners Association, and Axel Wenblad, Former GD National Board of Fisheries. Dan Strömberg, and Maria Svane, University of Gothenburg, have been invaluable during the course of the project and as editors of the publication. The report has been endorsed by the EPSD. Bo Samuelsson Chairman of EPSD
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| 10. |
- Garme, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Vattenvägen - den intermodala pusselbiten : - en förstudie om vattenvägen som transportresurs och hur vi kan bedöma om den bidrar till ett bättre transportsystem
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förstudien illusterar hur de svenska inre vattenvägarna kan användas för lokala och regionala godstransporter. Värden identifieras som potentiellt kan realiseras till nyttor på systemnivå. Det är ökad framkomlighet och bättre markanvändning i urbana miljöer, minskad belastning på väg och järnvägsnät, redundanta transportvägar (lägre sårbarhet), systemflexibilitet genom snabba förändringar, energieffektivitet och lågt buller. Vi ser att det finns potentiella nyttor på systemnivå och svagheter kring fartyget och dess gränsytor till väg- och järnväg som kan handla om omlastning och tillgänglighet till kajer och hamnar. Det senare är en fråga för stads- och regionplanerare som förefaller ovana att se kajer och strandlinjen som en potentiell på- och avfart till vattenvägen. Ett övergripande mål för projektet, Vattenvägen -den intermodala pusselbiten till resurseffektiva regional- och tätortstransporter är att visa hur, på vilket sätt och i vilken omfattning, vattenvägen kan användas för att energi- och resurseffektivisera region- och tätortstransportsystem och därmed bidra till de transportpolitiska målen. Förstudien har påbörjat arbetet och identifierar en rad avgränsade steg som kan genomföras som delprojekt och samtidigt leda mot de övergripande projektmålen.
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