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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Forskningsöversikt > Samhällsvetenskap

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  • Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Åldrande och kognition
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi. ; 57, s. 4-20
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article provides an overview of cognitive aging research with focus on normal aging. Results from longitudinal studies have revealed that cognitive abilities are more stable than early findings from cross-sectional studies indicated. It is also clear that crystallized abilities, such as knowledge, vocabulary, and verbal abilities are mostly stable or even may show an improvement across the adult life-span, whereas fluid abilities such as speed, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory are negatively affected in aging. Although fluid cognitive abilities tend to decline with age crystallized abilities can provide cognitive support and in this respect compensate deficits in everyday problem solving. Much research has been conducted in the last decades to identify factors that contribute to cognitive aging. It is well established that genetic, health-related (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, homocysteine, and vitamin status), as well as lifestyle factors (e.g., education, substance use, physical- and social activities) are of importance for cognitive functioning. Some of the age-related variation in cognitive performance is also mediated by changes in other cognitive processes such as speed. There is, however, still age-related variation that has not been accounted for which emphasize the need for further research and suggest that multiple aging processes affect our central nervous system and thereby various mechanisms involved in cognitive functioning.
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  • Kazemitabar, Maryam, et al. (författare)
  • School Health Assessment Tools: A Systematic Review of Measurement in Primary Schools
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8, s. 1-21
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the school health’s assessment tools in primary schools through COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. We examined the studies that have addressed the measurement properties of school-health instruments to give a clear overview of the quality of all available tools measuring school health in primary schools. This systematic review was registered in PROPERO with the Registration ID: CRD42020158158. Method: Databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, Wily, PROSPERO, and OpenGrey were systematically searched without any time limitation to find all full-text English journal articles studied at least one of the COSMIN checklist measurement properties of a school-health assessment tool in primary schools. The instruments should be constructed based on a school health model. The eligible studies were assessed by COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist to report their quality of methodology for each measurement property and for the whole study by rating high, moderate or low quality. Results: At the final screening just seven studies remained for review. Four studies were tool development, three of them were rated as “adequate” and the other study as “very good”; five studies examined the content validity, three of them were appraised as “very good”, and the two remaining as “inadequate”. All seven studies measured structural validity, three of them were evaluated as “very good”, three other were scored as “adequate”, and the last study as “inadequate”. All the seven studies investigated the internal consistency, five of them were assessed as “very good”, one was rated as “doubtful”, and the last one as “inadequate”. Just one study examined the cross-cultural validity and was rated as “adequate”. Finally, all seven studies measured reliability, two of them were rated as “very good” and the rest five studies were appraised as “doubtful”. All rating was based on COSMIN checklist criteria for quality of measurement properties assessment. Conclusion: The number of studies addressing school health assessment tools was very low and therefore not sufficient. Hence, there is a serious need to investigate the psychometric properties of the available instruments measuring school health at primary schools. Moreover, the studies included in the present systematic review did not fulfill all the criteria of the COSMIN checklist for assessing measurement properties. We suggest that future studies consider these criteria for measuring psychometric properties and developing school health assessment tools.
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  • Nielsen, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-level Theoretical Framework – Meadow Background document no1
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Meadow reports. ; 1, s. 1-59
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This report is one outcome of workpackage 2 in the EU funded MEADOW project. Its aim has been to establish an overview of theoretical literature in surveys on organisational change, innovation and work conditions. An international team of scholars have cooperated on this task. Scholars from Aalborg University (Denmark) have coordinated the workpackage and accepted responsibility for establishing a comprehensive multilevel framework regarding theories on organisational change, innovation and work conditions.
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  • Ukpe, Henrietta Udeme, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: GeoJournal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-2521 .- 1572-9893.
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the determination of the level of efficiency of an enterprise, the role of climate change cannot be overemphasized. However, some scholars are of the view that climate change might not really affect the level of efficiency of an enterprise due to its indirect effect on the performance of an enterprise. Understanding the perception of marketers of agricultural produce about climate change in agribusiness is paramount to sustain small scale enterprises. This study sought to analyze the perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using stochastic frontier production function. A combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used to select 349 producers and marketers, 152 processors, 143 processed retailers and 145 non-processed retailers giving a total of 789 small scale chili pepper marketers from three (3) agricultural zones that make up Benue State, Nigeria. The result showed that on the average, small scale chili pepper marketers are relatively profit efficient. The results also showed that in the marketing chain, small scale processed retailers had the highest mean profit efficiency (0.86). It was therefore recommended that switching business to adapt to crop varieties (cereal crops) that are more resilient to climate change could be an opportunity to small scale chili pepper marketers struggling with chili pepper to leapfrog previous performance and become more productive. Further, the training on preservation of perishable crop should be given to chili pepper producers and marketers and non-processed retailers given that excessive rainfall decreases their profit efficiency.
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  • Lantz-Andersson, Annika, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Twenty years of online teacher communities: A systematic review of formally-organized and informally-developed professional learning groups
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Teaching and Teacher Education : An International Journal of Research and Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0742-051X. ; 75, s. 302-315
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a systematic review of 52 empirical studies of formally-organized and informally developed online teacher communities from the early 2000s to the present time. Focusing on the social as well as technological aspects of online participation, the review explores how teacher communities are shaped by broader contexts of teaching. The review shows that while formally-organized and informally-developed communities address different needs amongst teachers and support different outcomes, they also share several common characteristics. Indeed, regardless of type, online communities can be a valuable means of developing supportive and collegial professional practices. That said, more evidence is required on the specific collaborative merits of teachers' online interactions.
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